Emerging powers Flashcards
What is the difference between the blue water navy and the green water navy?
A blue water navy operates in the open ocean, whereas a green water navy has only ships that can operate close to the coast.
Why is the next most likely rival to the USA’s current hegemony China?
It has huge human resources
Its economy has grown massively since 1990, and shows few signs of slowing down.
It increasingly engages with other parts of the world, notably by investing in Africa in terms of mineral resources.
It has military ambitions to build a blue water navy, operating beyond its coastline.
Who are the BRIC countries?
Brazil, Russia, India and China
What is the G20?
The G20, or Group of 20, is an international forum for the twenty of the world’s largest economies.
It is likely that emerging powers in the near near future what?
Demand more say in global organisations such as the UN: there is a case for India having a permanent sea on the UN Security Council.
Have more influence over global financial decision-making at the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organisation.
Play a greater role in international peacekeeping missions and disaster response, as their military capacities grow.
The BRIC countries account for how much of global carbon dioxide emissions?
42%
What does the term ‘global environmental governance’ refer to?
International treaties and agreements to reduce pollution, destruction of ecosystems and climate change.
What did the BRIC countries do at the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference in Paris?
They were all involved in the agreement in a way they had not been when the 1997 Kyoto Protocol was signed, which only involved developed countries.
What does the term ‘demographic dividend’ refer to?
A demographic dividend refers to a youthful population today (under 15) that will become a large working-age population in the future, boosting economic growth.
What are China’s key strengths?
Powerful manufacturing economy.
Growing military power and technology.
What are China’s key weaknesses?
Ageing population.
Unwilling to engage with global problems.
Environmental problems.
What are India’s key strengths?
Youthful population, demographic dividend.
Global leader in IT technology.
What are India’s key weaknesses?
Widespread poverty.
Poor energy and transport infrastructure.
Lack of water resources.
What are Brazil’s key strengths?
Huge natural resources and farming potential.
Modern economic structure.
What are Brazil’s key weaknesses?
Economy has boom and bust cycles.
Limited military strength.
What are Russia’s key strengths?
Very powerful, nuclear armed military.
Large oil and gas reserves.
What are Russia’s key weaknesses?
Difficult relations with the rest of the world.
Ageing population.
What are Japan’s key strengths?
Technologically advanced economy and global TNCs.
Culturally influential via technology e.g. gaming.
What are Japan’s key weaknesses?
Ageing, declining population.
Very slow economic growth since 1990.
What are Mexico’s key strengths?
Advanced economy, part of NAFTA.
What are Mexico’s key weaknesses?
Poor reputation for crime and corruption
What are Nigeria’s strengths?
Untapped natural resources.
Vast population and growth potential.
What are Nigeria’s weaknesses?
Deep-seated poverty.
Internal conflict.
What is the key problem with an ageing population?
Countries face major problems in the future in paying for increasingly costly healthcare at the same time as their workforce shrinks.
What are the three development theories and who are they by?
Modernisation Theory by Rostow
Dependency Theory by Frank
World Systems Theory by Wallerstein
What is the modernisation theory by Rostow?
It suggests that economic development only begins when certain pre-conditions are met: modern infrastructure, education, banking and efficient government.
What is the Dependency Theory by Frank?
Argues that the relationship between developed and developing countries is one of dependency: This prevents developing countries from making economic progress. Neo-colonial mechanisms and a net transfer of wealth from developing to developed world are responsible.
What is the World Systems Theory by Wallerstein?
Does not see the world in Frank’s developed versus developing world terms, but rather as a global system of core, semi-periphery and periphery nations. The semi-periphery countries are the emerging economies, some of which are emerging superpowers.
