Emerging Powers

Question 1

1990s-Liberal optimism

Answer 1

-reform of international institutions
-focus on discourse and practice of global governance

Question 2

Ermging global governance order

Answer 2

-gradually emerging out of the existing international order
-rendering part of the old order dysfunctional
-layering onto the old order (sovereignty free and sovereignty bound)
-there is no overthrowing of the old order
-more of a reformist or reflexive adaptation process

Question 3

What was happening in the 1900s

Answer 3

-US emerged as the supreme global power
-USSR fell apart - broke up into several entities
-Alternatives to liberal capitalism were discredited
-the only global counterweight to US dominance was no longer

Question 4

Today global governance

Answer 4

-liberal project seems in trouble
-Universal multilateralism has taken a big hit
-We seem to be reverting to the days of power politics
-growth in illiberal democracies

Question 5

The BRICS

Answer 5

-rapid economic growth
-challenging western dominance
-challenging the rules and leadership of global governance
-economic growth in the developing world has been greatest in countries not under liberal regime
-New right wing political movememnts are emerging that challenge outward orientation of pro-globalisation policies
-The BRICS are challenging the biases of the existing world order and developing international institutions of their own

Question 6

Michael Stephen

Answer 6

“A new global governance is materialising that is strongly contested, less universal, less liberal, and more fragmented”

Question 7

Three Broad trends

Answer 7

Fragmagration, intermestic, new regionalism, new world disorder