Emerging IDs

Question 1

Deliberate disease

Answer 1

Intentional introduces

Question 2

Re emerging diseases

Answer 2

Once posed health issues then decr dramatically and are resurging again

Question 3

Key reservoirs for viral zoonosis

Answer 3

Bats

Rodents

Question 4

EID hotspot

Answer 4

Regions where diseases are more likely to originate usually have high pop density and are ill equipped to cope

Question 5

Categories of EIDs or ReIDs

Answer 5

Tropical
Non tropical
Drug resistant pathogens
Re emerging

Question 6

Drivers for EID

Answer 6

Land use changes
Enviro changes
Human demographics and behaviour changers 
Technology and industry
Pathogen changes

Question 7

Cause of nipah virus emergence

Answer 7

Deforestation
Urbanisation
Incr pig pop

Question 8

Ebola emergence

Answer 8

Bush meat consumption
Wildlife encroachment
Poor health systems
Tourism
Governance breakdown

Question 9

Influenza emergence

Answer 9

Species mixing
Pathogen changes
High pop densities
Travel

Question 10

Pandemic zoonoses stages

Answer 10

1- between reservoirs spread geographically - more likely spill over
2- initial spill over to humans
3- person to person wide spread pathogen travel. Vector translocation

Question 11

Life sciences response

Answer 11

Develop diagnosis and therapeutic techs

Drive lab research

Question 12

Food & agri industry response

Answer 12

Culling

Product recall

Question 13

Human &I vet health care sector response

Answer 13

Monitor pops
Provide care
Give preventative interventions
Provide trained profs and animal handlers

Question 14

Global response

Answer 14

WHO report all EID that could globally spread
Notify other countries through global alert and response network
Assess transmission risk
Establish control measures

Question 15

What is an EID

Answer 15

Newly recognised in a population or occurred before but now incr incidence/ expansion, vector host range

Question 16

Complex factors leading to disease emergence

Answer 16

Social
Economic
Political
Enviro
Pathogen dependent

Question 17

How to prevent in future

Answer 17

Understand factors leading to emergence

Improve data collection &I processing
Empower communities to be proactive

Question 18

Early prevention steps (next EID)

Answer 18

System to prevent stage 2
Spillovers monitored carefully
Molecular ways of ID of pathogen
Emerging pandemic threats programme
Behavioural changes campaign

Question 19

Avian flu

Answer 19

Highly mutagenic
Antigenic shift evade immune system
Wild bird reservoir
Direct/indirect contact (human d only)

Question 20

Avian flu symptoms

Answer 20

Human fever lethargy cough joint pain nasal discharge

Animal respiratory issues head oedema cyanosis of wattles or asymptomatic

Question 21

Avian flu control

Answer 21

Prevent wild bird access
Bio security
National surveillance
ND
Vacc
Movement restrictions
Culling

Question 22

BSE transmission

Answer 22

Ingestion
Maternal
Humans also transfusion

Question 23

BSE symptoms

Answer 23

Animals fear aggression easily startled depressed excitable exaggerated reaction to noise muscle fasciculatio

Human Depression anxiety insomnia social withdrawal immobile mute death (neurodegenerative)

Question 24

BSE control

Answer 24

Abattoir controls
Remove WBC from transfusion
Prohibit some blood donations
Risk material away
No cattle prior to '96 in food chain
Testing