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Biology and Infectious Disease Control > Emerging Diseases > Flashcards

Emerging Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the emerging diseases mentioned in the lectures?

A

Human papilloma virus
Tuberculosis
Avian flu

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2
Q

Why is human papilloma virus an emerging disease?

A

large portion of people exposed

many people have it

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3
Q

How is human papilloma virus contracted?

A

skin abrasions
mucosa
cervical epithelium

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4
Q

How does human papilloma virus access cells?

A

capsid proteins L1 and L2

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5
Q

Where does human papilloma virus replicate?

A

keratinocytes

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6
Q

What can human papilloma virus cause?

A

papillomas
recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
giant condyloma of Buschke-Lowenstein
cancer

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7
Q

Can human papilloma virus cause cancer?

A

Yes, but only a few strains out of over a 100 total.

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8
Q

What determines whether human papilloma can cause cancer?

A

the level of genome integration of viral into human

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9
Q

Why is tuberculosis an emerging disease?

A

inadequate healthcare
immunosuppressed (vulnerable) - i.e. HIV
drug resistant strains

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10
Q

How is tuberculosis spread?

A

water droplets

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11
Q

What does tuberculosis infect first?

A

air mucosa

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12
Q

Rarer types of tuberculosis (2)

A 
CNS tuberculosis 
Skeletal tuberculosis (10-20%) - Pott's disease
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13
Q

How does the cell-mediated response cause damage when combating tuberculosis infection?

A

Forms granulomas around bacteria -> necrotic & caseous

- damages respiratory tissue

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14
Q

What does skeletal tuberculosis cause?

A

Compressed fractures
Extensive necrosis
[thoracic vertebrae]

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15
Q

What does CNS tuberculosis cause?

A

Granulomas in brain

  • > seizures
  • > other problems…
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16
Q

Why is avian flu an emerging disease?

A

Antigenic drift - no immunity/vaccine
Global world/economy
Close proximity of pigs and birds -> deadly strain?

17
Q

How are avian flu strains named?

A

Types of hemagglutin and neuraminidase antigens on surface.

18
Q

What is hemagglutin?

A

Antigen found on the surface of avian flu viruses - releases the virus from cells

19
Q

What is neuraminidase?

A

Antigen found on the surface of avian flu viruses - allows virus to attach to host cells

20
Q

What does avian flu cause in the lungs of infected humans?

A

Haemorrhage, necrosis and alveolar damage

21
Q

What does avian flu cause in the liver of infected humans?

A

Lobular necrosis, tubular necrosis

22
Q

What does avian flu cause in the kidneys of infected humans?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

23
Q

What does avian flu cause in the brain of infected humans?

A

Edema (abnormal accumulation of fluid) and demyelination.

24
Q

How can avian flu be contracted?

A

Virus transferred into eyes or respiratory pathways in sufficient quantity.

Biology and Infectious Disease Control (5 decks)

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