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Lifespan > Emerging Adulthood > Flashcards

Emerging Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

What is emerging adulthood?

A

Period between ages 18-25

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2
Q

How do young adults rate themselves on their health?

A

They think they are healthy and in good health

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3
Q

Ages 18 through 25 is the prime time for what?

A

Physical work and childbearing

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4
Q

Growth and strength of emerging adults

A

They have most likely reached their full height (girls 16, boys1 18), muscle and fat accumulation continue into early 20’s

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5
Q

Women attain which 2 characteristics in emerging adulthood?

A

Adult breasts and hip size

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6
Q

Men attain which 2 characteristics in emerging adulthood?

A

Shoulder width and upper-arm strength

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7
Q

Development of body systems and body regulation at this stage

A

Immune system is well developed, BP normal, Heart rate steady, brain is fully grown, lung capacity is at its largest

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8
Q

Senescence

A

Process of aging, begins late adolescence (increases allostatic load)

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9
Q

Organ reserve

A

The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress using functioning ability

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10
Q

Maximum strength potential

A

Declines at 25

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11
Q

Fifty year olds retain what percent of their muscle they had at age 20

A

90%

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12
Q

Homeostasis during this stage

A

Keeping body systems in a state of equilibrium, adapting to stress, balancing nutrition and exercise, homeostasis requires immediate response from systems

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13
Q

Allostasis during this stage

A

Dynamic body adjustment that affects overall physiology, Allostasis refers long term adjustment

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14
Q

Allostatic load

A

Refers to the wear and tear on the body the results from stress or inefficient management of stress

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15
Q

Appearance at this stage

A

Look vital and attractive, vanity about appearance , appearance concern may be connected to sex drive or employment-seeking

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16
Q

Staying healthy at this stage

A

Exercise reduces BP, strengthens heart and lungs (those who are not fit during this stage are 4 times more likely to have diabetes and HBP 15 yrs later)

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17
Q

Factors that encourage exercise

A

Friendship and communities

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18
Q

What is a set point with staying healthy

A

A certain body weight that a persons homeostatic processes strive to maintain

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19
Q

BMI

A

The ratio of a persons weight in Kg divided by his or her height in meters squared

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20
Q

CARDIA study

A

(1) Diets matter (2) Fast food and junk food had an independent effect

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21
Q

Sexual activity at this stage

A

Sexual-reproductive system is especially vigorous, peaked sex hormones, sex drive powerful and ifnertility is rare

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22
Q

Average woman in her 20’s becomes pregnant within how many months?

A

3

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23
Q

Half of cases of STI’s occur with which age and below?

A

26 and under

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24
Q

3 reasons for sex

A

Reproduction, Relationship 1/2 , Recreation 1/4

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25
Q

Stresses of emerging adults leading to what?

A

Demands cause psychopathology

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26
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

View that mental disorders are produced by interaction of genetics (diathesis) and a stressful environment and life events

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27
Q

Mood disorders at this stage

A

Depressive disorder which is the loss of interest or pleasure for 2 weeks or more

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28
Q

Anxiety disorders at this stage

A

Shaped by age and genetic vulnerability, Hikikomori is common in Japan where young adults isolate themselves, Include panic attacks, PTSD, OCD

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29
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Begins in adolescence, the risk is malnutrition, genetic and pressure

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30
Q

Risk taking

A

Emerging adults are willing to take more risks, can be because of social and biological reasons

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31
Q

Homicide victims and offenders

A

Ages 18-25 take up more than half of the stats

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32
Q

Edgework

A

Occupations, rec activities or other ventures that involve a degree of risk or danger, appeal of living on the edge

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33
Q

Extreme sports

A

Forms of rec that include apparent risk of injury or death and that are attractive and thrilling as a result

34
Q

One student recruited to drink heavily leads to what response from group?

A

Group follows social norm of the risk taking confederate

35
Q

One student recruited to drink very little leads to what response from group?

A

Group followed the social norm of the cautious confederate

36
Q

No confederate student recruited leads to what response from group?

A

Group alcohol consumption similar to group with cautious confederate

37
Q

Social norms approach

A

A method of reducing risky behavior by making people aware of their actions

38
Q

Substance abuse is greatest when?

A

Greatest at emerging adulthood

39
Q

Social norms on emerging adults

A

Exerts strong influence on emerging adults, including college students

40
Q

Base rate neglect

A

Involves tendency to overlook or ignore the frequency of a specific factor when making judgements

41
Q

Availability error

A

Occurs when people remember easily the events or people who make dramatic impact

42
Q

Stage approach

A

Describes shifts in the nature of thought, as in post formal which follows the formal stage

43
Q

Psychometric approach

A

Analyzes intelligence via IQ tests and other measures

44
Q

Information-processing approach

A

Studies how the brain encodes, stores and retrieves info

45
Q

Post formal thought

A

After piagets 4th stage, characterized by “problem finding” extends adolescent thinking by being more practical, flexible and dialectical

46
Q

Delay discounting

A

Tendency to undervalue, or ignore, future consequences and rewards in favor of immediate gratification (reduced one prefrontal cortex matures)

47
Q

Cramming is considered what

A

A social experience that is ineffective

48
Q

Labouvie-vief investigated age differences in self descriptions

A

Protective (high self involvement, low self doubt), Dysregulated (overwhelmed by emotions), Complex (Valuing openness and independence) , Integrated (regulate emotions and logic)

49
Q

Cognitive flexibility

A

helps people deal with unforeseen events, hallmark of postformal cognition, involves listening to others and considering diverse opinions

50
Q

Stereotype threat

A

Possibility that ones appearance is misread by another persons oversimplified prejudice, causing people to doubt their ability and have anxiety

51
Q

Threat of Bias

A

If teacher thinks male student will do worse on their exam, then they will

52
Q

Elements of dialectical thought

A

Thesis (proposition or statement) , Antithesis (proposition that opposes thesis), Synthesis (new idea that integrates thesis and antithesis)

53
Q

Dialectical thought is found most in what age group?

A

Middle aged people

54
Q

Morals and religion

A

Maturation of values appear first in emerging adulthood

55
Q

Moral thinking and age

A

As you get older, moral thinking improves

56
Q

Gender differences: Morality of care

A

Females reluctant to judge right and wrong in absolute terms due to socialization

57
Q

Gender differences: Morality of justice

A

Tendency of males to emphasize justice over compassion and judging right and wrong in absolute terms

58
Q

Defining Issues Test: DIT

A

Way to measure moral thinking by having the test takers rank possible solutions to moral dilemmas (James Rest) [Score rises with age]

59
Q

Stages of faith

A

(1) Intuitive-projective faith: thinks of faith as magical (2) Mythic literal faith: take religious stories literally (3) Synthetic- conventional faith: conformist stage (4) Individual reflecting faith: stems from approval of people (5) Conjunctive faith: Powerful emotional ideas (6) Universalizing faith: have a powerful vision of universal compassion

60
Q

New pedagogical techniques that foster greater learning

A

Flipped classes, Massive open online courses

61
Q

What can happen if identity conflict isn’t solved

A

One can be uncertain and negative about values, lifestyle and friendships

62
Q

What can happen if intimacy conflict isn’t solved

A

Anxious about close relationships, jealousy and loneliness

63
Q

Self esteem decline or incline?

A

Only a minority experience a decline in self esteem

64
Q

Plasticity

A

Openness to new experiences allow personality shifts and stimulates eagerness for more education

65
Q

Males and same-sex friends

A

Greater number of friends, demand less of friends, less emotional

66
Q

Cross-sex friendships

A

Differences more cultural than biological, helps expand self and gender boundaries

67
Q

Female and same-sex friendships

A

More intimate, Share personal information, more emotional

68
Q

Intimacy

A

Passion to Intimacy to Commitment to either cohabitation or marriage (sternberg)

69
Q

Seven forms of love

A

(1) liking, Infatuation, Empty love, Romantic love, Fatuous love, Companionate love, Consummate love

70
Q

Cohabitation

A

Adults consider it as an effective prelude to marriage

71
Q

Young adult relationships

A

Often problematic

72
Q

Divorce rate and marriage rate

A

Divorce rate is half the marriage rate

73
Q

Homogamy

A

Marriage between two people who tend to be similar

74
Q

Heterogamy

A

Marriage between people who tend to be dissimilar

75
Q

Social Homogamy

A

Similarity of a couples leisure interests and role preferences

76
Q

Conflict: Demand/withdraw interaction

A

Situation in a romantic relationship wherein one person wants to address an issue and the other refuses

77
Q

Situational couple violence

A

Fighting between romantic couples that is brought on more by the situation than by personality problems

78
Q

Intimate terrorism

A

Violent and demeaning form of abuse in a romantic relationship where the victim is too scared to fight back, seek help, withdraw

79
Q

Linked lives

A

Where the success, health and well being of each family member are connected to those of other members

80
Q

Financial support

A

Parents of all income levels in U.S help their adult children

81
Q

Global perspective

A

Parental support and linked lives are typical everywhere

Lifespan (3 decks)

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