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CCT Work Stuff > EMERGENT ALS Drugs > Flashcards

EMERGENT ALS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

Action

A

Analgesic and Antipyretic

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2
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

Indications/Contraindications

A

Indications: Fever >100.4 / Minor injury or pain

Contraindications: Altered mentation, Lethargic, Dysphagia, Liver failure

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3
Q

ACETAMINOPHEN

Dose

A

15mg/kg (1 gram Maximum)
Every six hours as needed
Onset: 15-20 mins

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4
Q

ASPRIN

Action

A

Interferes with platelet aggregation and is known as an anti-platelet medication.

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5
Q

ASPRIN

Indications

A
  • Myocardial infarction patients reduce the risk of death in patients with previous infarction
  • Unstable angina
  • Cardiac related chest pain
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6
Q

ASPRIN

Contraindications

A
  • Known hypersensitivity to this medication

* Recent history of gastric or duodenal ulcers

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7
Q

ASPRIN

Dose

A

324 mg (4 baby asprin or 1 adult strength

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8
Q

ADENOSINE

Action

A

It slows conduction through the AV node- It is useful in blocking re-
entrant pathways in supraventricular tachycardia.

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9
Q

ADENOSINE

Indications

A

Treatment of PSVT (including Wolfe-Parkinson-White Syndrome)

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10
Q

ADENOSINE

Contraindications

A
  • Second or third-degree AV blocks
  • Sick sinus syndrome
  • History of WPW
  • Hypersensitivity to this medication
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11
Q

ADENOSINE

Dose

A

Adult: [20 mL Syringe]
• 6 mg rapid IV Push
• Repeat dose of 12 mg rapidly IVP if no conversion after 3 minutes
Pediatric: [10 mL Syringe]
• 0.1mg/kg IV or IO push
• If no response, double the original dose and repeat once in three minutes

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12
Q

ALBUTEROL

Action

A

Albuterol is a sympathomimetic bronchodilator. It acts selectively on beta 2 receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle.

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13
Q

ALBUTEROL

Indications

A
  • Hyperkalemia

- Bronchospasm secondary to asthma or exacerbation of COPD

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14
Q

Albuterol

Contraindications

A
  • Hypersensitivity to albuterol

* Tachycardia

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15
Q

ALBUTEROL

Dose

A 
Neb 1
- 2.5 —5.0 mg via nebulizer, with 02 set to 6 liter/min
Neb 2
- 10mg over 1 hour
Maximum dose 20mg
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16
Q

AMIODARONE

Action

A

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication; calcium, potassium and sodium channel blocker; negative chronotropic, negative dromotropic, and vasodilator. Its vasodilatory effects can decrease cardiac workload and as a result, decrease myocardial oxygen consumption.

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17
Q

AMIODARONE

Indications

A
  • VF/Pulseless VT

- VT with a pulse

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18
Q

AMIODARONE

Contraindications

A
  • Hypersensitivity to the drug
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Sinus bradycardia
  • High degree AV block
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19
Q

AMIODARONE

Side Effects

A
  • Bradycardia
  • AV block
  • Nausea
  • Vasodilatation and hypotension
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20
Q

AMIODARONE

Dose

A

Adult:

Cardiac Arrest - VF/ pulseless VT

300 mg IV push followed by an immediate 20-30 ml flush
If refractory, consider a repeat dose in 3-5 minutes, of 150 mg IV push in (3 ml, 1 vial) followed by an immediate 20„30 ml flush

Ventricular ectopy:

For V Tach with pulse and unstable PSVT administer150 mg slow IV over 10 minutes. (Mix 3 ml (150 mg) in 100 ml D5W)

Pediatric:

Cardiac Arrest VF Pulseless VT
5 mg/kg, IV / 10
Repeat up to 15 mg/kg
Max dose 300 mg

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21
Q

ATROPINE

Action

A

Effects include dilation of the pupils, relaxation of the bronchioles, decreased gastric motility and increased heart rate. It produces both positive chronotropic and positive dromotropic effects.

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22
Q

ATROPINE

Indications

A
  • Symptomatic bradycardia
  • Organophosphate poisoning
  • Pre-medication for R-S-I intubation in pediatric patients
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23
Q

ATROPINE

Contraindications

A
  • narrow angle glaucoma
  • myasthenia gravies
  • Tachycardia
  • Newborns
  • heart transplant patients
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24
Q

ATROPINE

Dose

A 
Adults:
1 IV
• 0.5- 1.0 mg IV push, rapidly every 3 5 minutes 
2 IV
- 2 - 5 mg every 3 to 5 minutes
- MAXIMUM dose is 0 .04 mg/kg

Pediatric:

• 0.02 mg/kg IV push
- MAXIMUM single dose of 0.5 mg in children and 1.0 mg in adolescents

Note

  • Atropine may be given via E-T- tube, at 2 – 2.5 times the IV dose
  • Organophosphate poisoning may require large doses (5-10 mg) for symptom relief
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25
Q

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

Action

A

Calcium Chloride is an essential electrolyte for functional integrity of the nervous and muscular system, cardiac contractility and coagulation of blood.

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26
Q

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

Indications

A
  • Beta blocker overdose
  • hyperkalemia
  • calcium channel blocker toxicity
  • cardiac resuscitation (questionable value)
27
Q

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

Contraindications

A
  • Ventricular fibrillation during arrest
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Digitalis toxicity
28
Q

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

Dose

A 
Adult
1 & 2 IV:
1 - 2 grams over 5 mins q 10-20 min
3 IV: 1 gram slow over 2 mins
Pediatric
1 IV: Not Indicated
2 IV: 20mg/kg over 5-10 mins
3 IV: 20mg/kg over 2 mins

MAXIMUM q dose: 1 gram

29
Q

Dextrose

Action

A

Dextrose stimulates the transient take calcium by cells, Especially in muscle tissue, lowering serum test

30
Q

Dextrose

Indications

A
  • hypoglycemia

- Hyperkalemia (must be used in combination with insulin)

31
Q

Dextrose

Contraindications

A

-Hyperglycemia

32
Q

Dextrose

(Dose)

A

Adult
1 IV: 12.5 - 25 grams of D50 or D25 slow
2 IV: 25 grams of D50 or D25 followed by…..
Infusion: 0.5g/kg/hr, titrate glucose to 100-200 mg/dL

Pediatric
1 IV: 0.5 - 1g/kg of D25 over 15-30 min
Infusion: 0.5 - 1 g/kg of D25 over 15-30 mins

33
Q

Diltiazem

Action

A

Inhibits calcium ions from entering the slow channels of the vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization. It produces relaxation of the coronary vascular smooth muscle/coronary vasodilation.

34
Q

Diltiazem

(indications)

A
  • atrial fibrillation
  • atrial flutter
  • SVT
35
Q

Diltiazem

Contraindications

A

–2nd or 3rd heart block (Without a pacemaker)
– Atrial fib/flutter with accessory bypass tract
-WPW or short PR syndrome
– Sick sinus syndrome (without a pacemaker)
- ventricular tachycardia

36
Q

Diltiazem

Dose

A

Adult
IV: 0.25 mg/kg over 2 min; repeat 0.35 mg/kg q 15 min
Infusion: 5-15 mg/hr; Titrate to affect
MAXIMUM 15mg/hr

Pediatric
IV: 0.25 mg/kg over 5 min; repeat q 15 min
Infusion: 0.05-0.15 mg/kg/hr; titrate to affect
MAXIMUM q dose 20mg|Total 15mg/hr

37
Q

Diphenhydramine

Action

A

It is an anti-histamine that competes for the H1 receptor sites on effector cells in the G.I. tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract. Sedative affects are also seen.

38
Q

Diphenhydramine

Indications

A
  • Allergic reactions/Anaphylaxis/Behavioral emergencies/Dystonic reactions
  • Anti-emetic/Motion Sickness
39
Q

Diphenhydramine

Contraindications

A

-Acute asthma
–Nursing mothers
-Patient taking MAO inhibitors

40
Q

Diphenhydramine

Dose

A 
ADULT
1 IV/IM 25-50 mg q 6 hours
2 IV      10-50 mg q 6 hours
MAXIMUM q dose: 50 mg
MAXIMUM Total: 300mg
PEDIATRIC
1 IV/IM 1-2 mg/kg q 6 hours
2 IV        1 mg/kg q 6 hours
MAXIMUM q dose: 50 mg
MAXIMUM Total dose: 150
41
Q

Epinephrine

(Action)

A

Stimulates Alpha1 & Beta2 receptors. Positive inotropic, Chronotropic, dromotropic effects.

42
Q

Epinephrine

Indications/Contraindications

A 
 Indications
1. Allergic reactions
2. Bradycardia
3. Hypotension/Cardiogenic shock
4. Cardiac arrest
Contraindications
-None
43
Q

Epinephrine

(Adult dose)

A

1IM: 0.3-0.5 mg (1mg/mL) q 15 min
1NEB: 3 mg (1mg/mL) for STRIDOR
2 & 3 Infusion: 2mcg/min; titrate to effect
4IV: 1 mg (0.1 mg/mL) q 3 - 5 mins

MAXIMUM
Infusion: 10mcg/min

44
Q

Epinephrine

(Pedi Dose)

A

1IM: 0.01 mg/kg (1mg/mL) q 15 min
1NEB: 3 mg (1mg/mL) for STRIDOR
2 & 4IV: 0.01 mg/kg (0.1mg/mL) q 3 - 5 min
2 & 3 Infusion: 0.01 mcg/kg/min, titrate to effect

45
Q

Etomidate

Action

A

Sedative, with no analgesic or muscle relaxing effects

46
Q

Etomidate

Indication

A

-Rapid Sequence intubation

47
Q

Etomidate

Contraindication

A
  • Adrenal Insufficiency
  • Suspected Sepsis
  • Pregnancy/Lactation
  • SBP <90 mmHg
48
Q

Etomidate

Adult Dose

A

IV: 0.3 - 0.5 mg/kg

49
Q

Etomidate

Pedi dose

A

IV: 0.2 - 0.4 mg/kg

50
Q

Fentanyl

Action

A

It binds with opioid receptors and increases pain threshold; produces CNS depression

51
Q

Fentanyl

(Indications)

A
  1. Pain management
  2. Post intubation management
  3. Rapid sequence intubation
52
Q

Fentanyl

Contraindications

A
  • Myasthenia gravis

- Pregnancy or Lactation

53
Q

Fentanyl

Adult Dose

A
  1. IV/IM 0.25-1mcg/kg slow q 5-10 minutes
  2. IV 0.25-3mcg/kg q 10 minutes
    - -Infusion 1-2mcg/kg/hr
  3. IV 1-3mcg/kg over 30-60 seconds

MAXIMUM
q dose: 100mcg
Total: 300mcg

54
Q

Fentanyl

Pediatric Dose

A
  1. IV/IM 1-2 mcg/kg slow q 10-15 minutes
  2. IV 0.25-3mcg/kg q 10 minutes
    - -Infusion 0.5-2mcg/kg/hr
  3. IV 2-3mcg/kg over 30-60 seconds

MAXIMUM
q dose: 50mcg
Total: 200mcg

55
Q

Haloperidol

Action

A

It is an antipsychotic that depresses the central nervous system

56
Q

Haloperidol

Indications

A
  1. Acute psychotic disorder

2. Nausea and/or Vomiting

57
Q

Haloperidol

Adult dose

A
  1. IM 2.5-5mg

MAXIMUM
q dose: 5mg

58
Q

Haloperidol

Contraindications

A
  • CNS depression/Comatose
  • Prolonged QT interval
  • Zofran [8mg] administered in the last 24 hours
59
Q

Instant Glucose

Adult Dose

A

PO: 15 grams

60
Q

Instant Glucose

Pediatric Dose

A

PO: 0.2 g/kg

61
Q

Ketamine

Action

A

Produces a catacleptic-like state in which the patient is dissociated from the surrounding environment

62
Q

Ketamine

Indications

A
  1. Agitation/Behavioral Emergencies
  2. Pain Mangagement
  3. Rapid Sequence Inubation/Awake Intubation
  4. Sedation/Post Intubation Management
63
Q

Ketamine

Contraindications

A
  • Cushings Reflex
  • Ocular trauma
  • Severe Hypertension
64
Q

Ketamine

Adult ONLY Dose

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