Emergency Scene Management

Question 1

Step 1

Answer 1

Scene survey
Calmly approach the scene
Take charge in the absence of a person senior to you, if there is someone ask if you can help.
Quickly assess the situation accurately and decide on the priorities of action
Call for help to attract attention.
Remove all hazards

Question 2

Scene survey cont.

Answer 2

Make the area safe for self, casualty and bystanders and guard against further casualties arising
Find out the history of the accident, how many casualties and determine the mechanism of injury.
Assess responsiveness to determine level of consciousness.
Identify self as PEC giver and offer to help.
Don gloves

Question 3

Priorities of action

Answer 3

means start treating the casualties
according to this sequence. Casualties who have:
i. Stopped breathing, blocked airway and no pulse- Do CPR
ii. Severe bleeding - Stop bleeding
iii. Unconsciousness- Place in recovery position
iv. Shocked- Lie casualty down and keep him warm and quiet.
v. Minor wounds and minor bleeding –Stop bleeding
vi. Fractures- Immobilise fractures
vii. Behavioural problems-Monitor vital signs.

Question 4

Making area safe means

Answer 4

Road accidents – instruct bystanders to control traffic, switch off the ignition, watch out for petrol spillage and ask people not to smoke.
ii. Blood and body fluids wear rubber gloves, use one way valve
resuscitation mouth piece.
iii. In gases and poisonous fumes-cut off the source and move the
casualty to safety, wear protective mask
iv. In electrocution- break contact safely and switch off the mains.
v. In fire and collapsing buildings- move the casualty to safety.

Question 5

Primary survey (assessment)

Answer 5

In this step the PEC giver assess the casualty for life threatening conditions and give life saving first aid care immediately.
Check the responsiveness of the casualty. If not responsive follow the CPR protocol of CAB (Circulation, Airway & Breathing)

Question 6

Avpu means

Answer 6

Alert
Voice responsiveness
Pain responsive
Unresponsive

Question 7

Secondary survey (assessment)

Answer 7

Obtain the history of condition or accident e.g. symptoms, allergy, medications, past medical history, last meal, events leading to incident –from the casualty, bystander or relative.

Question 8

SAMPLE STANDS FOR

Question 9

Secondary survey (assessment)

Answer 9

Take and record the casualties vital signs- e.g. LOC, Breathing, Pulse, Skin temperature and colour
Conduct a head to toe examination without repositioning the casualty
Give first aid treatment for injuries or illness found e.g. wounds,
Fractures and bleeding.

Question 10

Ongoing casualty care

Answer 10

Remain with the casualty until medical help comes, or another PEC giver relieves you, or the casualty himself relieves you and you are sure that his life is not threatened.
Record the casualty’s condition and the PEC given.
Continue to monitor vital signs
Take care of the casualty’s belongings

Question 11

Handing over (Disposal of the casualty)

Answer 11

Give full report to the person who is taking over from you.
This includes the casualty’s particulars-name, address,
telephone number, etc.
History taken from the casualty
Hand over all the casualty’s belongings and where possible sign for such belongings.

Question 12

Body parts to facilitate breathing

Answer 12

Nose
Mouth
Upper airway
Lungs