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MD500 > Emergency Procedures > Flashcards

Emergency Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Indications of complete power loss

A

Left yaw, low engine and rotor speed, change in noise level.

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2
Q

Engine failure above 500 ft

A

Adjust collective - RRPM - 410 to 523

Control yaw & airspeed (≤ 131 KIAS)

If confirmed complete loss of power place twistgrip in cutoff and close fuel shutoff valve.

Auto in for landing.

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3
Q

Engine failure in hover below 12 ft.

A

Do not reduce collective

Right pedal for yaw

Raise collective to cushion landing.

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4
Q

Partial power loss

A

Start pump on.

Fly at reduced power.

Land as soon as possible.

Prepare for complete power loss.

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5
Q

Air restart at low altitude.

A

Close twistgrip to cut off position.

Press start button immediately.

If N1 is 18% or above open twistgrip immediately to ground idle.

N1 25-40% are preferred for coolest and fastest start.

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6
Q

Air restart when altitude permits.

A

Perform normal engine start if N1 has decayed below 18%.

Recommended airspeed 60 knots.

Advance twistgrip from ground idle to full open once N1 reaches 60-65%.

Increase collective once N2 and NR are 103%.

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7
Q

Low rotor speed.

A

Lower collective.

Check warning lights and instruments for problems.

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8
Q

Water landing power off.

A

Lower collective to enter autorotation.

If time permits open doors and push handle full down.

Make autorotative approach, flaring as required.

Level aircraft and apply full collective as contact is made with water.

When aircraft begins to roll lower collective to minimize blades skipping.

Release harness and clear aircraft.

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9
Q

Water landing power on.

A

Decend to hover above water.

Open doors and push handles full down.

Passengers exit the aircraft.

Fly safe distance away from personell.

Close twistgrip to cutoff and perform hovering autorotation.

Allow aircraft to settle in level attitude applying full collective.

When aircraft begins to roll lower collective to minimize blades skipping.

Release harness and clear aircraft.

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10
Q

Cabin smoke and fume elimination.

A

Cabin heat off.

Fresh air vent open. Pilot door open (A/S<130 KIAS)

Door vents open facing aft.

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11
Q

Aircraft evacuation.

A

Thorough briefing is essential for quick evacuation of passengers and crew when fire is involved.

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12
Q

Fire extiguisher

A

Be familiar with operating and the hazards with the particular type of fire extinguisher installed.

Use of Fire extinguisher on cabin fire while airborne is not recommended.

Pilots first responsibility is to land immediately.

Once on ground with crew and pax evacuated, can extinguish fire.

Use caution as the possibility of explosion should not be disregarded.

If extinguisher is used in flight, use only the amount of extinguishing agent as necessary and then properly ventilate ASAP.

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13
Q

Engine fire on the ground

During starting

A

Overloading of fuel in combustion chamber.

Normally indicated by rapid increase in TOT

Twistgrip off.

Starter engage until TOT is below 150.

Fuel shutoff valve pull closed.

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14
Q

Engine compartment fire on the ground.

A

Twistgrip off.

Fuel shutoff valve pull to close.

Battery off.

Passengers/crew evacuate.

***If time permits***

Apply rotor brake if installed.

Move passengers a safe distance from aircraft.

Use fire extinguisher.

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15
Q

Engine fire during flight

At low altitude.

A

Land immediately

Twistgrip off.

Fuel shutoff valve pull closed

Battery off

Passengers evacuate.

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16
Q

Engine fire during flight

At high altitude.

A

Collective down to enter autorotation

Twistgrip off

Fuel shutoff valve pull closed

Radio mayday call

Execute autorotational landing

Battery off

Passengers evacuate.

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17
Q

Cabin fire/smoke on the ground.

A

Twistgrip off.

Battery off.

Passengers evacuate.

***If time permits***

Apply rotor brake if installed.

Move passengers a safe distance from aircraft.

Use fire extinguisher.

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18
Q

Cabin fire/smoke in flight.

A

Land immediately

Air vents open facing aft. Open pilot door (A/S<130 KIAS)

Twistgrip off as soon as on ground.

Battery off.

Passengers evacuate.

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19
Q

Cabin fire/smoke in flight if unable to land immediately and fire source can be identified

A

Malfunctioning system off.

Use fire extinguisher.

Ventilate cabin.

Land as soon as possible.

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20
Q

Cabin fire/smoke in flight

if fire source is unknown

A

Cabin heat off.

Generator off.

All electrical circuits off (not required for safety of flight)

Cabin ventilate.

Land as soon as possible.

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21
Q

Fuel control/governor failure producing an overspeed

A

Increase collective to load rotor while rolling throttle towards ground idle until control of N2 is obtained.

Manually control N2 102-103% with throttle.

If unable to control rpm close throttle to cutoff and make autorotational landing.

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22
Q

Fuel control/governor failure producing an underspeed

A

Lower collective to maintain rotor rpm.

Attempt level flight at 60 knots.

If power is insufficient for level flight or power on decent make autorotational landing.

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23
Q

Governor surge

A

N2 fluctuating; not maintaining preset N2 speed (102-103%)

Beep N2 to maximum.

Control N2 with throttle.

***Note: Turning Start Pump On may allow engine to operate smoothly. If engine does return to normal do not disregard the need to land.

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24
Q

Engine chip detector

A

Land as soon as possible.

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25
Q

Low engine oil pressure in flight.

A

Land as soon as possible.

Shut down engine.

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26
Q

Low engine oil pressure on the ground.

A

Shut down.

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27
Q

Loss of engine torque indication in flight.

A

Land as soon as possible.

Shut down.

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28
Q

Loss of engine torque on the ground.

A

Shut down.

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29
Q

Transmission oil pressure light.

A

Land as soon as possible.

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30
Q

Transmission oil temperature light.

A

Land as soon as possible.

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31
Q

Transmission chip detector.

A

Land as soon as possible.

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32
Q

Tail rotor chip detector.

A

Land as soon as possible.

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33
Q

Tail rotor loss of thrust forward flight.

A

Lower collective.

Adjust airspeed 50-60 knots.

Left lateral cyclic and collective pitch to limit left sideslip.

If conditions permit place throttle in idle and perform normal autorotation.

Plan to touch down with little or no forward speed.

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34
Q

Complete loss of tail rotor at hover.

A

Throttle to idle.

Hover auto.

***Warning***

When hovering in cross-hatched area of HV diagram, reduce altitiude to 12’ or less before hover auto.

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35
Q

Tail rotor fixed pitch in flight

A

Adjust power to maintain 50-60 knots.

Shallow approach with run on landing

Air speed between ETL and 30 knots.

Directional control may be accomplished with throttle and collective.

36
Q

One way lock failure.

***Note: One-way lock assembly is a self-contained hydraulic unit that prevents aft feedback forces in the longitudinal cyclic control system.

A

Indications: Aft feedback in cyclic at high A/S and/or during pullups from high A/S or higher than normal forces required to move the cyclic longitudinally.

Reduce airspeed to 100 knots or less.

Limit cyclic movements.

Abnormal movements are not required.

***Note: If the one-way lock has a push rod shaft or check valve seizure in the closed position, a pull or push of 10 to 20 lbs will be necessary to open the hydraulic relief valve and bypass the the check valve. This additional pull or push will be required for each susequent longitudinal movement of the cyclic stick. temporary forces as high as 40 lbs may be experienced when flying in turbulence.

37
Q

Trim failure

Inoperative trim

A

Establish flight that produces least cyclic control force.

Normally last trimmed airspeed.

Apply trim switch in all directions.

If restored trim to near neutral.

Land as soon as practical avoiding trimming.

If trim failure is determined in all directions and helicopter can be safely maintained, check/reset trim circuit breaker.

Land as soon as practical if unable to establish full trim control.

38
Q

Runaway trim.

A

Establish a safe flight that produces the least cyclic control force.

***Note:

Use left hand and leg to relieve right hand and conserve strength for landing.

Use collective friction to prevent unwanted collective movement.

Actuate trim in all directions in attempt that generally reestablishes trim capability. When restored trim to near neutral, land as soon as practical avoiding trimming.

If runaway trim is full forward land into wind avoiding hovering downwind in winds > 15 knots

39
Q

Vibration during flight.

A

Land as soon as possible.

No further flight should be attempted until cause of vibration is identified and corrected.

40
Q

Fuel Filter light.

A

Turn on start pump.

Continue flight.

***Caution***

If any unusual engine indications or conditions occur, land ASAP.

Service fuel filter prior to next flight.

41
Q

Fuel low light

A

Slow down less than 130.

Avoid large steady side slip angles and uncordinated maneuvers.

Land as soon as possible.

Approximately 35 lbs of fuel left. 22.5 usable lbs remain in tank.

64 gal tank (435 lbs)
Low Fuel Light on at 35 lbs (5.1 gal); 22.5 lbs usable
1.9 gal (13.1 lbs) unusable
(Maybe 5-6 minutes of fuel left)

.47 gal per minute; 3.2 lbs per minute
10 minutes = 32 lbs
 30m = 96 lbs
 435 lbs = 64 gal = 2.26 hrs (2 hrs 15 m)
 325 lbs = 100 minutes
 25 gal = 170 lbs
 28 gal = 190.4 lbs
42
Q

GEN OUT light

(and ammeter indicating zero)

A

Check GEN circuit breaker is in.

Turn gen switch off, then on to reset.

If light remains on, pull generator circuit breaker and insure gen switch is ON.

Reduce electrical load to minimum.

Land as soon as practical.

***Note: The generator switch must be in the ON position to enable the Engine Out/Low Rotor audio warning to function as required.

43
Q

Air filter light.

A

Filter bypass open.

Scav air off.

Service filter prior to next flight.

Avoid operation in a dirty or dusty environment with the filter bypass door open to prevent compressor erosion.

***Note: Certain flight conditions may cause light to flicker. The filter bypass door should be opened only when a steady illumination of the light is 5 seconds or more.

44
Q

Max glide

A

80 KIAS

410 RRPM

Restore Nr prior to flare

45
Q

Minimum rate of descent configuration

A

60 KIAS

410 Nr

Restore Nr prior to flare

46
Q

Battery Overtemp

Red indicator on (160°F)

A

Battery switch OFF

Land ASAP

47
Q

Battery Overtemp

Yellow Indicator ON (140°F)

A

Battery Switch OFF

Battery must remain offline for remainder of flight.

***Note: BAT TEMP 140°F light will go out after the battery has cooled to below 140°F; but no further flight is authorized until inspection and cause corrected.

48
Q

When to abort a start?

A

If no immediate temp rise on TOT.

No eng oil pressure is observed.

Main rotor not rotating by 25% N1.

A zero or positive indication on ammeter. (May indicate a failure in starting circuit that may de-energize starter creating conditions for hot start)

49
Q

Abort start procedure

A

Twistgrip to cutoff position

Continue to motor engine for at least 10 seconds or until TOT < 150°C

50
Q

Engine failure complete power loss in cruise 500’ AGL or above

A
  • Adjust collective to maintain Nr 410-523 RPM
  • Apply pedal input to control yaw
  • Adjust cyclic for air speeds of 131 knots and lower
  • Confirm Engine out with other instruments
  • Altitude permitting close throttle and fuel shut of valve
  • Select landing area and maneuver as required
  • If Operating at reduced Nr RPM for glide distance lower collective prior to flare to restore Nr RPM
  • Flare to reduce airspeed and rate of descend and increase Nr RPM. Level off before landing
  • Touch down at level attitude and cushion landing
  • Avoid rapid aft cyclic or collective inputs on landing and sliding
51
Q

Engine Failure above 12’ and below 500’ AGL

A
  • Reduce collective pitch to maintain Nr RPM. Amount and duration is dictated by airspeed and height above ground at which power loss occurs.
  • Flare if needed as ground is approached
  • Touch down level attitude and cushion landing
  • Avoid abrupt aft cyclic or collective inputs on initial touchdown or during ground sliding
52
Q

Engine failure 12’ and below

A
  • Do not lower collective
  • Apply right pedal to prevent yawing
  • Increase collective pitch to cushion landing
53
Q

Partial power loss. Erratic with intermittent surges of power and smooth power on lower settings

A

-Turn start pump on.

***Do not disregard need to land if AC runs smoothly

-If possible fly to nearest landing area and land as soon as possible.

Be prepared for complete engine failure.

54
Q

Air Restart

A

Low altitude

  • Do not attempt if malfunction is suspected.
  • Close twist grip to fuel cut off position
  • Press start button immediately
  • If N1 is 18% or higher open twist grip to idle
  • N1 25-40% is preferred for coolest and fastest start
  • Maintain auto rotational air speeds

High Altitude & Time Permitting

  • Perform normal engine start.
  • Recommended airspeed 60 knots
  • Advance twistgrip to full open at 60-65% N1
  • Collective pitch as required once N2/Nr 103%
55
Q

Low Rotor Speed

A

Red Engine out light on and audible low rotor Horn on.

  • Lower collective and maintain Nr RPM
  • Check other indicators to confirm engine problems and respond accordingly
56
Q

Emergency Landing Procedures

Ditching

A

Water Landing Power Off

  • Adjust collective to maintain Nr RPM
  • If time permits open doors and push door handle full down to prevent relatching
  • Make auto rotative flare and minimize fwd speed
  • Level aircraft and apply collective to cushion landing on water
  • When aircraft begins to roll lower collective full down to minimize blades skipping off water
  • Release safety harness and evacuate AC as soon as blades stop turning
  • Do not inflate personal flotation gear before exiting AC

Power On

  • Descend to hovering altitude over water
  • Open doors and push door latch full down to prevent from closing
  • Passengers and co pilot exit AC
  • Fly safe distance from passengers to avoid injury
  • Close twist grip to cutoff position and perform hovering Auto
  • Allow AC to settle in in level attitude while applying collective to cushion landing
  • When AC begins to roll lower collective full down to minimize blades skipping off water
  • Release safety harness and exit AC after blades stop turning
57
Q

Fire

-Cabin Smoke and Fume Elimination

A
  • Mayday call before electrical and Gen Shut off
  • Ventilate cabin to allow safe control of AC
  • Cabin Heat off -Fresh air vent Open
  • Pilot/cabin door vents open and facing aft

***Proper briefing before flight will ensure How to release safety harness, opening doors and exiting to avoid main rotor blades

58
Q

Engine Fire on the ground

A

Overloading of fuel in combustion chamber.

Normally indicated by rapid increase in TOT

  • Twistgrip to cutoff
  • Starter motor till TOT 150°C
  • Fuel shut off valve pull to close
59
Q

Engine fire during flight

A
  • Land immediately power on approach and landing without delay
  • Twistgrip cutoff
  • Fuel shutoff valve pull to close
  • Battery/EXT PWR switch off
  • Passengers and crew evacuate

At altitude

  • Collective down to establish auto rotation to selected landing area
  • Twistgrip cutoff
  • Fuel shut of valve pull to close
  • Radio Mayday call
  • Execute auto rotational landing maintain control
  • Battery/EXT PWR switch off
  • Passengers and crew evacuate
60
Q

Cabin Fire/Smoke On Ground

A
  • Twistgrip cutoff
  • Battery/EXT PWR switch off
  • Passengers and crew evacuate
  • Rotor brake apply
  • Secure area and have passengers evacuate area
  • Fire extinguisher use as appropriate
61
Q

Cabin Fire/Smoke In Flight

A
  • Land immediately power on approach and landing
  • Air vents open ventilate cabin
  • Twistgrip cutoff
  • Battery/EXT PWR switch off
  • Passengers crew evacuate
62
Q

Governor Failure Overspeed

A
  • Failure indicated by instrument needle fluctuation of: N1, N2, Nr, TOT, Torque
  • N1, N2, Nr, TOT, Torque increase and possible right yaw
  • Increase collective to load main rotor and rolling twistgrip towards idle untill N2 speed is obtained
  • Manually control N2 speed (102-103%) with collective twistgrip
  • If operating RPM cannot be established close twistgrip to cutoff and auto rotate to landing

*Immediate pilot action is required because engine torque, TOT, N2, Nr may suddenly increase above limits.

*When shutting down engine do not reduce collective pitch until Rotor RPM has decreased to within nornmal operating range

63
Q

Governor Failure Underspeed

A
  • N2/Nr decaying
  • Possible left yaw
  • Possible low rotor RPM Warning
  • Lower collective and maintain Nr RPM and level flight at 60 knots
  • Verify throttle full open
  • Attempt to increase (beep) N2 to normal range
  • If power is insufficient make auto rotative landing
64
Q

Governor Surge

A
  • N2 fluctuating governor not maintaining pre set speed 102-103%
  • Turning start pump on may allow engine to run smoothly

***Do not disregard need to land as soon as possible

  • Beep N2 to Max
  • Control N2 manually with twistgrip 102-103%
65
Q

Engine chip detector (Yellow ENGINE CHIPS indicator on)

A
  • Metal contamination of oil
  • Land as soon as possible
66
Q

Low Engine oil pressure

A
  • Land as soon as possible
  • Shut engine down

On Ground

-Shut engine down

67
Q

Engine Torque loss

A

In Flight

  • May be as result of broken torque meter tubing
  • Land as soon as possible
  • Shut engine down

On Ground -

Shut engine down

68
Q

Red XMSN OIL PRESS Light

A
  • Transmission oil pressure low
  • Land as soon as possible
69
Q

Red XMSN OIL TEMP Light

A
  • Transmission oil temp exceeds max limit
  • Land as soon as possible
70
Q

Yellow M/R XMSN CHIPS Light

A
  • Metal contamination of oil
  • Land as soon as possible
71
Q

Yellow T/R XMSN CHIPS Light

A
  • Metal contamination of oil
  • Land as soon as possible
72
Q

Anti torque failure

Complete loss of thrust in Fwd Flight

A
  • Uncontrollable yawing to the right
  • Reduce power by lowering collective
  • Adjust airspeed 50 to 60 knots
  • Use left lateral cyclic in combination with collective pitch to limit left sideslip to a reasonable angle
  • If conditions permit roll twistgrip to ground idle once landing area is selected and perform autorotation. Plan to touch down with little or no fwd airspeed
73
Q

Anti torque failure

Complete loss of thrust in the Hover

A
  • Uncommanded right turn
  • Place throttle at idle position and perform hover auorotation landing.
  • Reduce Altitude to below 12’ prior to throttle to idle
74
Q

Anti torque failure

Fixed tail rotor pitch setting

A
  • Adjust power to maintain 50-60 knots
  • Perform shallow approach and run on landing to suitable area.
  • Touch down at translational lift and 30 knots into wind
  • Adjust yaw with throttle and/or collective inputs
75
Q

One Way Lock Failure

A
  • One way lock assembly is a self contained hydraulic unit that prevents aft feedback forces in the longitudinal cyclic control
  • Indication: Aft feedback in the cyclic at high airspeed and or during pull ups from high airspeeds or higher than normal forces required to move cyclic longitudinally
  • 10 to 20 pounds force required to to open hydraulic relief valve and up to 40 pounds of force required in turbulence
  • Reduce airspeed to 100 knots or less
  • Limit cyclic input minimal movements only required movements.
76
Q

Cyclic Trim Failure

Inoperative Trim

A
  • The Trim motor is not responding to cyclic trim commands in one or more directions
  • Establish safe flight condition that produces least cyclic control force. Normally straight and level at last trimmed airspeed
  • Actuate trim through all positions. Determine extent of trim failure. If restored trim to neutral and land as soon as practical
  • If trim failure is in all directions and control of helicopter can be maintained Check/Reset TRIM Circuit breaker
  • Land as soon as practical if unable to restore full cyclic control
77
Q

Cyclic Trim Failure Runaway Trim

A
  • 30 pounds of force required to move cyclic but control can be maintained by pilot
  • Establish safe flight with least cyclic force produced
  • Fwd stick runaway can be reduced by increased airspeed and Aft stick runaway by slower airspeeds
  • Utilize Left hand and legs to apply pressure on cyclic and conserve energy of right hand for landing. Use collective friction
  • Actuate trim switch through all positions as this will generally restore trimming. When restored trim to near neutral position and land as soon as practical
  • If Full fwd cyclic runaway is experienced land into wind and not downwind in excess of 15 knots
78
Q

Abnormal vibrations

A
  • Rotor or drive train system issues
  • Land as soon as possible
  • Flights prohibited until cause of vibrations are found
79
Q

Yellow FUEL FILTER Light

A
  • Predetermined pressure differential across filter has been reached and impeding bypass condition exists
  • Turn on start pump
  • Continue flight
  • Service fuel filter prior to next flight
  • If any unusual engine indications take place land as soon as possible
  • Flights prohibited until filter is serviced
80
Q

Yellow FUEL LEVEL LOW Light

A
  • Aprox 35 lbs fuel left (22.5 lbs usable remain)
  • Never use fuel level light as indication of low fuel
  • Avoid large steady side slip angles and uncoordinated maneuvers
  • 130 knots max
  • Land as soon as possible

.47 gal per minute
3.2 lbs per minute
10 minutes = 32 lbs
30m = 96 lbs
435 lbs = 64 gal = 2.26 hrs (2 hrs 15 m)
325 lbs = 100 minutes
25 gal = 170 lbs
28 gal = 190.4 lbs

81
Q

Battery over temp

RED 160°F Light

A
  • Battery switch off
  • Land as soon as possible
  • Flights prohibited until battery is replaced and cause corrected
82
Q

Battery over temp

YELLOW 140°F Light

A
  • Battery switch off
  • Must remain of for remainder of flight
  • Light will go out once battery cools to below 140°F
  • Flights prohibited until battery inspected and cause corrected
83
Q

Yellow GEN OUT Light

A
  • Generator not operational
  • Check Generator circuit breaker in
  • Turn Generator switch off. Then on
  • If light comes back on Pull Generator circuit breaker and switch GEN switch ON for remainder of flight
  • Generator switch must be in ON position to allow Engine OUT/LOW Rotor audio warning to function
  • Reduce electrical load to minimum
  • Land as soon as practical
84
Q

Yellow FILTER CLOGGED Light

A
  • Certain conditions in flight might illuminate light; only a steady light (5 seconds+) is a concern
  • Filter bypass control handle Open
  • SCAV AIR OFF
  • Service particle separator prior to next flight
  • Avoid corrosion on N1, do not fly in dirty or dusty air with filter bypass door open
85
Q

Engine compartment Fire on the ground

A
  • Twistgrip cutoff
  • Fuel shut off valve pull to close
  • Battery/EXT PWR switch off
  • Passengers and crew evacuate
  • If time permits clear passengers from area, apply rotor break, Fire extinguisher

MD500 (3 decks)

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