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MS4 - MDEMO > Emergency Medicine > Flashcards

Emergency Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Trauma team members

A

1 team leader doctor
1 team leader nurse
1 airway doctor
1 airway nurse
2 circulation doctors
2 circulation nurses
1 relatives nurse
1 radiographer

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2
Q

Stages to ATLS system

A

Preparation
Primary survey and resuscitation
AMPLE history
Secondary survey

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3
Q

cABCDE

A

catastrophic haemorrhage and C spine
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

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4
Q

Catastrophic haemorrhage

A

Floor and 4 more

Floor

Pelvis
Abdomen
Chest
Long bones

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5
Q

Airway

A

Patency

Jaw thrust
Foreign body removal
Oropharyngeal / Nasopharyngeal tube
Endotracheal tube (definitive airway)
Cricothyroidotomy

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6
Q

Breathing

A

RR
Sats
Chest wall expansion
Percuss
Auscultate
Tracheal deviation

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7
Q

Circulation

A

HR
BP (signs of shock)
Pulse character and regularity
Auscultation
Access (bloods + fluids)

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8
Q

Disability

A

Abdo exam
Pupils
GCS
Temp
Glucose

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9
Q

Exposure

A

Remove clothing
Blankets to keep warm
Warm IV fluids

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10
Q

Signs of heamorrhage as a result of pelvic injury

A

Unexplained hypotension
Progressive swelling or bruising in flanks
Failure to respond to initial fluid challenge
Mechanical instability of bony pelvis

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11
Q

Interventions before secondary survey

A

ECG
Urinary catheter
Consider gastric catheter
ABG
X ray

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12
Q

Three primary survey X-ray films

A

Chest
Lateral cervical spine
Pelvis

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13
Q

Indications for immediate CT post head injury

A

GCS < 13 at any time
GCS < 15 after 2 hours
Signs of basal skull fracture
Seizure
> 1 vomit
Focal neurological deficit
Amnesia > 30 mins

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14
Q

Signs of basal skull fracture

A

Haemotympanum
CSF oto- or rhinorrhoea
Mastoid bruising
Bilateral periorbital bruising

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15
Q

AMPLE history

A

Allergies
Medications
PMH
Last ingestion
Events

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16
Q

Secondary survey

A

Only once primary survey and resus is completed
Complete history
Examination head to toe (+ neuro)
Reassess vital signs

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17
Q

Information required from ambulance pre-alert

A

ATMIST

Age, name, hospital number
Time of incident
Mechanism of injury
Injuries head to toe
Signs (vital)
Treatment

ETA, mode of transport, special requirements

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18
Q

Clinical features of Hypovolaemic shock

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Pale, cold, clammy
Confusion
Low urine output
Thirst

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19
Q

ATOM FC

(Serious conditions)

A

Airway obstruction
Tension pneumothorax
Open pneumothorax
Massive haemothorax

Flail chest
Cardiac tamponade

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20
Q

Causes of:

Unilateral dilated pupil + Slow light response

A

3rd nerve compression

(tentorial herniation)

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21
Q

Causes of:

Bilateral dilated pupil + Slow light response

A

Poor brain perfusion

Bilateral 3rd nerve palsy

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22
Q

Causes of:

Bilateral constricted pupil + light response difficult to determine

A

Opiates

Metabolic encephalopathy

Pontine lesion

23
Q

Causes of:

Unilateral constricted pupil + Preserved light response

A

Injured sympathetic pathway

24
Q

Opiates antidote

A

Naloxone

25
Q

Paracetamol antidote

A

Charcoal
NAC (N-acetylcysteine)

26
Q

Adder envenomation antidote

A

Anti-venom

27
Q

Carbon monoxide antidote

A

Hyperbaric oxygen

28
Q

Iron (eg. ferrous sulphate) antidote

A

Desferrioxamine

29
Q

Ethylene glycol antidote

(Anti-freeze)

A

Ethanol
Fomepizole

30
Q

Benzodiazepines antidote

A

Flumazenil

31
Q

Digoxin antidote

A

Digibind

32
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant antidote

A

Sodium bicarbonate

33
Q

Methanol poisoning antidote

A

Ethanol
Fomepizole

34
Q

Beta blocker antidote

A

Glucagon

35
Q

Salicylates (aspirin) antidote

A

Sodium bicarbonate

36
Q

Warfarin antidote

A

Vitamin K
FFP

37
Q

Cyanide antidote

A

Di-cobalt edetate

38
Q

Orangophosphate antidote

A

Atropine

39
Q

Local anaesthetic antidote

A

Intralipid

40
Q

When is ATLS useful

A

Golden hour

41
Q

Mx of pneumothorax

A

Thoracocentesis - 2nd intercostal spcae midclavicular line

Chest drain

42
Q

Flail chest definition

A

2+ ribs factured in 2+ places

Paradoxical chest wall movements

43
Q

Complications of flail chest

A

Pulmonary contusion

Hypoxia

44
Q

Venturi mask

A

Gives controlled O2 saturations

COPD

45
Q

Types of shock

A

Hypovolaemic

Distributive

Obstructive

Cardiogenic

Dissociative

Neurogenic

46
Q

Causes of hypovolaemic shock

A

Bleeding

Dehydration

47
Q

Causes of distributive shock

A

Sepsis

Anaphylaxis

48
Q

Causes of cardiogenic shock

A

IHD

MI

49
Q

Causes of obstructive shock

A

PE

Tamponade

50
Q

Causes of acute chest pain

A

MI

Tamponade

Aortic dissection

PE

Pneumothorax

Pneumonia

Oesophageal rupture

51
Q

Types of wound

A

Incision

Lacceration

Abraision

Puncture

52
Q

Cushing’s triad features

A

Bradycardia

Irregular breathing

HTN

53
Q

Cushing’s triad definition

A

Sign of coning

MS4 - MDEMO (4 decks)

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