Emergency Medicine Flashcards
What are the ABCDE’s of primary survey?
Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure
The goal(s) of the airway assessment is/are ___________
secure airway
stabilize spinal cord
The breathing assessment aims to ________
secure oxygenation and ventilation
treat life-threatening thoracic injuries
List types of life-threatening thoracic injuries that must be ID’ed during B step
tension pneumothorax open pneumothorax flail chest cardiac tamponade massive hemothorax
The circulation assessment aims to _________
secure adequate tissue perfusion
treat external bleeding
Shock begins when systolic blood pressure is less than ________
90mmHg
Normal urinary output per hour is ____
30-55mL
Disability assessment aims to __________
determine neurological injury
current history of drugs, allergies
According Glasgow Coma scale an emergency occurs when the score is ____
< 8
Adequate exposure assessment aims to ____________
determine presence of hypothermia via visual inspection, digital palpation
Normal heart rate range is ________
60-100bpm
List typical signs of basilar skull fracture
raccoon eyes, Battle’s sign (bruise over mastoid), clear otorrhea, clear rhinorrhea, hemotympanum
List signs of increased intra-cranial pressure
severe headache w/ nausea, vomit Cushing's triad - HTN, bradycardia, irregular depressed breathing worsening neurological status significant edema of head lateralized neurological signs
List signs of meningeal irritation
severe headache, photophobia, neck and occipital rigidity, Brudzinski’s and Kernig’s sign, change in mental status
Palpable peripheral pulses indicated systolic BP is ______
> = 80mmHg
Palpable central pulses indicate systolic BP is ____________
> =60mmHg
What is pleuritic pain?
upper back and chest pain worse upon inspiration
What are the four Killer Chest Pains?
MI / Angina pectoris
Pulmonary embolism
Aortic Dissection
Pneumothorax
What are the three major categories of shock? give examples of each
Hypovolemic - blood loss
Cardiogenic - MI, cardiac tamponade, arrhythmia
Distributive - anaphylaxis, sepsis
Illusion is ___________
the mistaken identification of existing stimulus
Hallucination is __________
perception of non-existent stimulus
Delusion is ____________
aberrant thought which can’t be corrected by judgement
