Emergency Drugs Flashcards
Adenosine
(For Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia)
ROUTE & DOSE
6mg initially
12mg
18mg
contraindicated in asthmatics - Verapamil
acts on A1 receptor in AVN
Adrenaline
(Cardiac Arrest)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
1mg 1:10000
every 5 minutes during CPR
Adrenaline
(Acute anaphylaxis)
ROUTE & DOSE
IM
1:1000
Children 0-5yrs: 150 micrograms
Children 6-11yrs: 300 micrograms
Children 12+ and adults: 500 micrograms
Amiodarone
(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
300mg
Aspirin
(Acute Coronary Syndromes)
ROUTE & DOSE
PO
300mg
Atropine
(Bradycardia)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
500 micrograms
Diamorphine / Morphine
(acute pain)
ROUTE & DOSE
Slow IV
Diamorphine: 1.25-2.5mg
Morphine: 5mg
Furosemide
(Resistant hypertension/oedema)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
20-50mg
Glyceryl Trinitrate
(Acute angina)
ROUTE & DOSE
Sublingual
400-800 micrograms
Hydrocortisone
(Acute Asthma)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
100mg
Hydrocortisone
(Anaphylaxis)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
200mg
Ipratroprium
(Acute Bronchospasm)
ROUTE & DOSE
Nebulised
500 micrograms
Magnesium Sulfate
(Severe Asthma)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
1.2-2.0g
Prednisolone
(Severe acute asthma)
ROUTE & DOSE
PO
40-50mg
Salbutamol
(Acute Asthma)
ROUTE & DOSE
Nebulised
5mg
Metoclopramide
(Severe Nausea & Vomiting)
ROUTE & DOSE
Slow IV
5-10mg
Omeprazole
(duodenal ulcer)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
40mg
Diazepam
(Status Epilepticus)
ROUTE & DOSE
PR
10-20mg
Lorazepam
(Status Epilepticus)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
4mg
Naloxone
(Opiate Overdose)
ROUTE & DOSE
IV
400 micrograms initially
How is slow IV administered
Injection over 4-5 minutes with patient in recumbent position
Adenosine
MOA
SEs
Causes hyper-polarisation
Slows conduction through the A-V node, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the A-V node
Vascular smooth muscle relaxation
SEs: Nausea
Adrenaline
MOA
Adrenergic Stimulation
Increased Inotropy
Adenosine
Contraindications
Obstructive Airway Disease
Amiodarone
MOA
Class III Anti-Arrhythmic
Potassium channel blockade
also evidence of beta blocker and calcium channel blocker properties – prolong QT interval
SEs: N&V
Atropine
MOA
Anti-cholinergic
Blockade of vagal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
SEs: Urinary retention
Furosemide
MOA
Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle
SEs: Nausea, Dizziness
GTN
MOA
Nitric oxide release, leading to smooth muscle relaxation & vasodilation
SEs: Hypotension, Headache
Interactions: Antihypertensives
Ipratropium
MOA
SEs
Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to promote bronchial dilation
SEs: Constipation, dry mouth
Metoclopramide
MOA
Anti-emetic
D2 receptor antagonist
Dopamine D2 receptor blockade in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
Diazepam
MOA
Enhanced effects of GABA neurotransmission
Naloxone
MOA
Opioid antagonist
