Emergency Drugs

Question 1

Adenosine
(For Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 1

6mg initially

12mg

18mg

contraindicated in asthmatics - Verapamil

acts on A1 receptor in AVN

Question 2

Adrenaline

(Cardiac Arrest)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 2

IV

1mg 1:10000

every 5 minutes during CPR

Question 3

Adrenaline

(Acute anaphylaxis)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 3

IM

1:1000

Children 0-5yrs: 150 micrograms

Children 6-11yrs: 300 micrograms

Children 12+ and adults: 500 micrograms

Question 4

Amiodarone

(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 4

IV

300mg

Question 5

Aspirin

(Acute Coronary Syndromes)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 5

PO

300mg

Question 6

Atropine

(Bradycardia)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 6

IV

500 micrograms

Question 7

Diamorphine / Morphine

(acute pain)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 7

Slow IV

Diamorphine: 1.25-2.5mg

Morphine: 5mg

Question 8

Furosemide

(Resistant hypertension/oedema)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 8

IV

20-50mg

Question 9

Glyceryl Trinitrate

(Acute angina)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 9

Sublingual

400-800 micrograms

Question 10

Hydrocortisone

(Acute Asthma)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 10

IV

100mg

Question 11

Hydrocortisone

(Anaphylaxis)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 11

IV

200mg

Question 12

Ipratroprium

(Acute Bronchospasm)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 12

Nebulised

500 micrograms

Question 13

Magnesium Sulfate

(Severe Asthma)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 13

IV

1.2-2.0g

Question 14

Prednisolone

(Severe acute asthma)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 14

PO

40-50mg

Question 15

Salbutamol

(Acute Asthma)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 15

Nebulised

5mg

Question 16

Metoclopramide

(Severe Nausea & Vomiting)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 16

Slow IV

5-10mg

Question 17

Omeprazole

(duodenal ulcer)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 17

IV

40mg

Question 18

Diazepam

(Status Epilepticus)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 18

PR

10-20mg

Question 19

Lorazepam

(Status Epilepticus)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 19

IV

4mg

Question 20

Naloxone

(Opiate Overdose)

ROUTE & DOSE

Answer 20

IV

400 micrograms initially

Question 21

How is slow IV administered

Answer 21

Injection over 4-5 minutes with patient in recumbent position

Question 22

Adenosine

MOA

SEs

Answer 22

Causes hyper-polarisation

Slows conduction through the A-V node, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the A-V node

Vascular smooth muscle relaxation

SEs: Nausea

Question 23

Adrenaline

MOA

Answer 23

Adrenergic Stimulation

Increased Inotropy

Question 24

Adenosine

Contraindications

Answer 24

Obstructive Airway Disease

Question 25

Amiodarone

MOA

Answer 25

Class III Anti-Arrhythmic

Potassium channel blockade
also evidence of beta blocker and calcium channel blocker properties – prolong QT interval

SEs: N&V

Question 26

Atropine

MOA

Answer 26

Anti-cholinergic

Blockade of vagal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

SEs: Urinary retention

Question 27

Furosemide

MOA

Answer 27

Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter in loop of Henle

SEs: Nausea, Dizziness

Question 28

GTN

MOA

Answer 28

Nitric oxide release, leading to smooth muscle relaxation & vasodilation

SEs: Hypotension, Headache

Interactions: Antihypertensives

Question 29

Ipratropium

MOA

SEs

Answer 29

Blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to promote bronchial dilation

SEs: Constipation, dry mouth

Question 30

Metoclopramide

MOA

Answer 30

Anti-emetic

D2 receptor antagonist

Dopamine D2 receptor blockade in the Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

Question 31

Diazepam

MOA

Answer 31

Enhanced effects of GABA neurotransmission

Question 32

Naloxone

MOA

Answer 32

Opioid antagonist