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Emergencies General Flashcards

1
Q

The responsibility for alerting the Aerodrome Emergency Services normally rests with…

A

The ATCU

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2
Q

What constitutes an emergency?

A

Any UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE that precludes a controller from handling the a/c in the anticipated/normal manner.

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3
Q

An ATCO may suspect an a/c is in an emergency situation when:

A
  • radio contact not established at time expected
  • radio contact is lost
  • report from pilot or other pilots
  • erratic behaviour observed
  • a/c overdue at destination aerodrome
  • pilot reports short of fuel
  • reports from unofficial third parties.
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4
Q

What are the main ABES categories? (9)

A
  • radio failure
  • unlawful interference/hijack
  • bomb threat
  • strayed/unidentified aircraft
  • a/c unable to maintain height
  • control difficulty affecting handling
  • pilot unsure of position
  • diversion
  • non-specific/the unusual/the unexpected.
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5
Q

ATCOs are responsible for alerting RFFS whenever:

A
  • an a/c accident has occurred on or in the vicinity of the aerodrome
  • info is received that the safety of an a/c has been impaired
  • requested by flight crew
  • when deemed necessary or desirable.
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6
Q

In an emergency the ATCO “assists” the pilot. What does ASSISTS stand for?

A 
A- acknowledge
S- separate
S- silence
I- inform
S- support
T- time
S- squawk
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7
Q

What is the phraseology for acknowledgement?

A

“(A/C callsign), (ATSU callsign), roger mayday/pan.”

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8
Q

What is the phraseology for imposition of silence?

A

“All stations, (ATSU callsign), stop transmitting - Mayday.”

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9
Q

What is the phraseology for cancellation?

A

“All stations, (ATSU callsign), distress traffic ended.”

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10
Q

What is the phraseology for transferring a/c to another frequency?

A

Mayday (a/c callsign), all other aircraft contact (station) on (frequency) - out.”

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11
Q

What are the general principles during emergencies? (6)

A
  • don’t panic, remain calm
  • determine exact nature of problem
  • assess situation before acting
  • prioritise tasks
  • offload non-essential tasks
  • inform, advise and co-ordinate.
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12
Q

Who should be informed if there’s any doubt of a/c reaching aerodrome?

A

ACC Supervisor

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13
Q

How can an aerodrome ATCO plot the position of an a/c? (5)

A
  • VDF bearings
  • marks on windows
  • a/c report
  • map ref/position
  • ATM
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14
Q

What priority is an emergency aircraft?

A

Priority Category A

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15
Q

What are the main actions by ATC when an emergency has been declared? (4)

A
  • ascertain type of emergency, crew intentions, position & level of a/c
  • decide upon appropriate assistance
  • enlist help of other ATSU/services as necessary
  • provide crew with any info requested as well as suitable aerodromes, minimum safe altitudes and weather info.
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16
Q

What 3 questions could you ask to find out the severity of the emergency?

A
  1. Are you able to maintain height?
  2. Can you effect a safe landing?
  3. Report your POB.
17
Q

What additional i fo should an ATCO obtain following emergency acknowledgment?

A
  • POB, fuel remaining
  • notify appropriate ATSUs & authorities as per local instructions
  • avoid change of frequency & SSR code unless an improved service can be offered
  • limit manoeuvring instructions to a/c with engine failure
  • advise other a/c in the vicinity.
18
Q

True or false
If not already declared & the controller has reason for apprehension, a pilot should be asked if he is declaring an emergency.

19
Q

True or false

The controller may carry out the necessary actions even if the pilot does not declare an emergency.

20
Q

Pilots use acronym DODAR during emergencies. What does DODAR stand for?

A 
D - diagnose
O - options - which are available
D - decide the best option
A - action to bring that option about
R - review situation & action taken
21
Q

Pilots can use “NITS” to structure emergency briefings to ATC. What does “NITS” stand for?

A

N - nature of emergency
I - intentions of flight crew
T - time available
S - special handling requirements

22
Q

What is the flight crew priorities in emergencies? (3)

A

Aviate
Navigate
Communicate

23
Q

What are the 3 emergency phases?

A

INCERFA - uncertainty phase

ALERFA - alert phase

DETRESFA - distress phase

24
Q

What is the UNCERTAINTY (INCERFA) phase?

A

A situation wherein UNCERTAINTY exists as to the safety of an a/c & its occupants.

25
Q

What is the ALERT (ALERFA) phase?

A

A situation wherein APPREHENSION exists as to the safety of an a/c & its occupants.

26
Q

What is the DISTRESS (DETRESFA) phase?

A

A situation wherein there is REASONABLE CERTAINTY that an a/c & its occupants are threatened by grave & imminent danger or require immediate assistance.

27
Q

Potential emergencies can be caused by: (5 things)

A
  • Adverse weather
  • Crew inexperience
  • Medical - sick passenger or pilot
  • Insecure cargo - affects centre of gravity
  • FOD.
28
Q

What factors would you consider in emergency during take-off? (6)

A
  • Crash alarm
  • Category of emergency (local orders)
  • Runway inspection?
  • Land asap or burn off fuel?
  • Visual or IAP required?
  • Allow pilot to dictate circuit direction & runway - other traffic!
29
Q

What factors would you have to consider for an a/c with handling difficulties after take-off?

A

Pilot workload permitting, obtain as much info as possible on

  • Speed
  • Rate of climb/descent
  • Ability to turn - preferred directions
  • Steer & stop on landing?
30
Q

What factors must you consider during emergency on landing? (6)

A
  • Crash alarm
  • Category of emergency (local orders)
  • Ability to steer & stop (brakes, burst tyres, flaps, hydraulics, RFFS positioning)
  • Evacuation of a/c
  • Runway inspection
  • Removal of wreckage.
31
Q

What are the factors to consider for a FORCED LANDING? (8)

A
  • POB
  • Advice on local area
  • Police & local fire service
  • Fix the position - use local traffic
  • Attempt to maintain two-way contact (relay)
  • Wind at airport
  • Assistance - SAR?
  • Reassure.
32
Q

What factors would you consider for EMERGENCY EVACUATION? (4)

A
  • Do not dissuade pilot from stopping on the runway
  • Give wind direction(Manchester)
  • Warn pilot of any external problem on or around a/c
  • Aerodrome Operator will have contingency plan to deal with pax.
33
Q

Where should fuel jettisoning take place?

A

Over the sea if possible or ABOVE 10,000ft AGL.
Exceptionally (to allow fuel evaporation):
Winter 7000ft AGL
Summer 4000ft AGL
(Maintain 1000ft separation from other a/c)

34
Q

What must be co-ordinated between ATCO & flight crew when a/c needs to dump fuel in controlled airspace?

A
  • Route to be flown (over the sea, away from cities/towns, away from reported thunderstorms)
  • Level to be used
  • Estimated duration of the fuel dump
  • Frequency to be monitored whilst a/c is dumping fuel.

ADI Emergencies Verbal (2 decks)

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