Emergencies Flashcards
Engine Failure Detection
Can be detected by:
Yaw acceleration nose to the right. Engine noise level decreases. Tachometer needles Desynchronise. Oil Pressure warning on the EPM. Oil Pressure Red Warning Light. Plasma Beeper. Rotor Speed decreasing Low NR Horn.
Primary Transmission Failure
Can be detected by:
High Yaw rate nose to the right.
Engine noise level increases.
Needles split. Engine increases.
Eventual overspeed if Governor off.
Rotor speed decreasing.
Power Failure Hover Below 8ft AGL
Left pedal to prevent right yaw.
Cushion landing with collective.
Once landed lower collective.
Power Failure During Takeoff
Left pedal to prevent right yaw.
Aft cyclic to level helicopter.
Less than 30 knots do not lower collective.
IAS above 30kt prevent climbing.
Raise collective to cushion contact.
Prevent drift.
Lower collective.
In Flight Power Failures (All Cases)
Lower collective immediately and maintain full down.
Control yaw with pedals.
Maintain IAS 30-50 knots.
Select landing area and manoeuvre into wind.
Collective to centre NR in green arc.
When landing is ensured consider engine restart.
At around 60ft AGL apply aft cyclic to raise helicopter nose smoothly.
Closer to ground apply forward cyclic to level helicopter while raising collective.
Prevent drift.
Lower collective when stopped.
(Average manoeuvre requires around 200-300m or 650-1000 feet free of high obstacles.
Confined Landing Area
When landing spot is confirmed maintain 30 knots in descent.
Failure Above 2,000 Feet AGL
Best glide ratio is obtained at 80 knots.
Increase airspeed with headwind.
Recommended NR is mid yellow arc 480RPM.
Around 300 AGL reduce IAS to 30-50 knots.
Check NR in green arc.
Expect a practical glide ratio between 2:1 and 3:1 or 0.7 NM to 1 NM at 2,000 feet AGL
Ditching (Water)
Apply same procedures as for landing.
Head equally between wave and wind direction.
Reduce forward and vertical speed to minimum possible before contact with water.
Keep collective up after contact.
In-Flight Engine Restart
Stabilise Autorotation.
Check boost pump on.
Fuel valve open.
Check mixture full forward RICH.
Check both ignition switches on upwards.
Apply around 50% throttle.
Press starter button.
Governor may be kept engaged or not.
Engine Fire On The Ground
Shut cabin heater off.
Shut fuel valve off.
When engine quits, all switches to OFF.
Pull rotor brake.
Evacuate after rotors stop.
Engine Fire In Flight.
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Shut cabin heater off.
Lower collective and enter Autorotation.
Manoeuvre into wind.
Select suitable landing area.
Shut fuel valve off.
Shut fuel pump off.
Mayday Call.
Above 8,000 feet increase Airspeed to 90 knots to accelerate the descent.
Once on ground pull rotor brake.
When rotors stopped evacuate.
Electrical Fire.
Switch Alternator OFF.
Switch Master OFF.
EPM and NR lights no longer powered.
Move NR switch to Backup.
Use NR lights to monitor rotor speed.
Tail Rotor Failure Hovering IGE
Nose to the right: engine failure
Nose to the left: tail rotor failure
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Reduce throttle in order to reduce left yaw rate.
Cushion contact by raising collective.
Tail Rotor Failure Other Flight Cases
Switch Governor OFF.
Adjust power to maintain 70-80 knots.
Reach appropriate surface for Auto running landing.
Reduce airspeed as late as possible.
Yaw Control Failure Hovering IGE
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Lower the collective slowly enough to land smoothly.
Roll off throttle to reduce yawning nose to the right.
Yaw Control Failure Other Flight Cases
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Adjust to 70-80 knots.
Adjust power to minimise side slip.
Keep nose to the right.
Reach an appropriate surface for a running landing.
Reduce airspeed as late as possible.
Prefer wind from right carry out a cautious landing.
Engine Governor Failure
Can be detected by:
RPM is not regulated in green arc.
Throttle extreme position is not reached.
RRPM and ERPM speed changes in level flight.
Roll twist grip and check grips reaction.
When it’s detected:
Hold twist grip firmly.
Overtake governor action.
Switch governor OFF.
Regulate E/RRPM manually and in middle of green arc.
EPM Failures.
Complete Loss of EPM Display.
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
Switch NR to backup check green light.
R/E speed controlled by the governor and can be checked using high and low warning lights.
Monitor Carb heat manually.
Select COLD for HIGH POWER
Select HOT for LOW POWER
If low fuel light: LAND IMMEDIATELY
EPM Failures.
Erratic Engine/Rotor Speed De-synchronisation.
Reduce power gradually.
If desynchronisation continues:
Refer to NR lights indicator for reliable rotor speed.
Switch engine governor OFF.
Monitor rotor speed in the lower green arc.
LAND AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE
If desynchronisation stops:
EPM operative but transmission questionable.
Limit power to avoid desynchronisation reading.
Conduct a cautious landing with minimum power and gradual power increase.
MLI Failure.
Detected by XXX
Above 5,500 feet always limited by full throttle.
Below 5,500 feet, do not exceed 80 knots IAS in level flight to prevent overpower.
CONTINUE FLIGHT.
Make a cautious landing in conditions requiring not more power than previous take off.
MLI Degraded Modes:
Engine Speed
Throttle Position
OAT
Ambient Air Pressure
Degraded mode will be in yellow.
CONTINUE FLIGHT.
Loss of Engine Speed Sensor.
Detected by: XXX
Loss of governor.
Refer to NR indicator for engine speed indication.
Overtake the governor by gripping the twist grip.
Once NR is in the green arc switch governor OFF.
Regulate throttle manually.
CONTINUE FLIGHT.
Loss of Main Rotor Speed Sensor.
Detected by: XXX
Keep powered flight.
No desynchronisation no Auto practice.
Refer to NR indicator for engine speed indication.
CONTINUE FLIGHT.
Aural Warnings.
Loud Horn Warning.
A Continuous Tone:
Rotor speed approaching low speed limit.
An Intermittent Tone:
Rotor speed approaches high limit.
A Short Tone:
Low Fuel Light goes on.
Aural Warnings.
Beeper Warnings.
High frequency continuous beep when:
Oil pressure lost with plasma ignition ON and with Oil P Warning light.
Warning that engine ignition is hot at startup.
To prevent from leaving Plasma ignition ON when leaving the aircraft.
ENGINE FAILURE
Cabin heat OFF
Enter Autorotation into wind
Select suitable landing area
Fuel shut off valve OFF
Fuel pump OFF
Mixture OFF
Ignitions OFF
Mayday Call
Autorotation landing
Cushion with collective raised
Once stopped lower collective
