Emergencies Flashcards
Engine Failure Detection
Can be detected by:
Yaw acceleration nose to the right. Engine noise level decreases. Tachometer needles Desynchronise. Oil Pressure warning on the EPM. Oil Pressure Red Warning Light. Plasma Beeper. Rotor Speed decreasing Low NR Horn.
Primary Transmission Failure
Can be detected by:
High Yaw rate nose to the right.
Engine noise level increases.
Needles split. Engine increases.
Eventual overspeed if Governor off.
Rotor speed decreasing.
Power Failure Hover Below 8ft AGL
Left pedal to prevent right yaw.
Cushion landing with collective.
Once landed lower collective.
Power Failure During Takeoff
Left pedal to prevent right yaw.
Aft cyclic to level helicopter.
Less than 30 knots do not lower collective.
IAS above 30kt prevent climbing.
Raise collective to cushion contact.
Prevent drift.
Lower collective.
In Flight Power Failures (All Cases)
Lower collective immediately and maintain full down.
Control yaw with pedals.
Maintain IAS 30-50 knots.
Select landing area and manoeuvre into wind.
Collective to centre NR in green arc.
When landing is ensured consider engine restart.
At around 60ft AGL apply aft cyclic to raise helicopter nose smoothly.
Closer to ground apply forward cyclic to level helicopter while raising collective.
Prevent drift.
Lower collective when stopped.
(Average manoeuvre requires around 200-300m or 650-1000 feet free of high obstacles.
Confined Landing Area
When landing spot is confirmed maintain 30 knots in descent.
Failure Above 2,000 Feet AGL
Best glide ratio is obtained at 80 knots.
Increase airspeed with headwind.
Recommended NR is mid yellow arc 480RPM.
Around 300 AGL reduce IAS to 30-50 knots.
Check NR in green arc.
Expect a practical glide ratio between 2:1 and 3:1 or 0.7 NM to 1 NM at 2,000 feet AGL
Ditching (Water)
Apply same procedures as for landing.
Head equally between wave and wind direction.
Reduce forward and vertical speed to minimum possible before contact with water.
Keep collective up after contact.
In-Flight Engine Restart
Stabilise Autorotation.
Check boost pump on.
Fuel valve open.
Check mixture full forward RICH.
Check both ignition switches on upwards.
Apply around 50% throttle.
Press starter button.
Governor may be kept engaged or not.
Engine Fire On The Ground
Shut cabin heater off.
Shut fuel valve off.
When engine quits, all switches to OFF.
Pull rotor brake.
Evacuate after rotors stop.
Engine Fire In Flight.
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Shut cabin heater off.
Lower collective and enter Autorotation.
Manoeuvre into wind.
Select suitable landing area.
Shut fuel valve off.
Shut fuel pump off.
Mayday Call.
Above 8,000 feet increase Airspeed to 90 knots to accelerate the descent.
Once on ground pull rotor brake.
When rotors stopped evacuate.
Electrical Fire.
Switch Alternator OFF.
Switch Master OFF.
EPM and NR lights no longer powered.
Move NR switch to Backup.
Use NR lights to monitor rotor speed.
Tail Rotor Failure Hovering IGE
Nose to the right: engine failure
Nose to the left: tail rotor failure
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Reduce throttle in order to reduce left yaw rate.
Cushion contact by raising collective.
Tail Rotor Failure Other Flight Cases
Switch Governor OFF.
Adjust power to maintain 70-80 knots.
Reach appropriate surface for Auto running landing.
Reduce airspeed as late as possible.
Yaw Control Failure Hovering IGE
LAND IMMEDIATELY
Lower the collective slowly enough to land smoothly.
Roll off throttle to reduce yawning nose to the right.
