Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

socio-cultural sports studies > emergence and evolution of sport > Flashcards

emergence and evolution of sport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

dates of pre industrial britain

A
  • pre 1850s

- before the industrial revolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

characteristics of recreation in pre industrial britain

A
  • played by peasants
  • between villages
  • little rules
  • dangerous
  • mainly men
  • mass numbers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does upper class look like in pre industrial britain

A
  • land owners
  • often watched and looked down on mob sports
  • played cockfighting, tennis, fox hunting
  • very wealthy
  • sponsor lower class in things like pedestrianism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what sport did upper and lower class play together in pre industrial Britain

A
  • cricket
  • upper class compete for status
    amateur = someone who competes for no financial gain
    lower class professionals = gain money for competing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lower class in pre industrial britain

A
  • played mob sports eg. football
  • fighting as sports like bare knuckle fighting
  • worked on land for little money
  • low level of education and literacy
  • couldn’t compete in sports with upper class as had no money to gamble with
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is pedestrianism

A
  • lower class would compete in walking races
  • upper class sponsor the lower class to make money
  • upper class gamble on it
  • ‘footmen’ (carriage pullers) would compete
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gender in pre industrial britain

A
  • mainly men competing in sports
  • women seen as ‘weaker’ so activities were too dangerous or strenuous
  • women would have been at home looking after the children or house
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

female sports in pre industrial britain

A
  • frock races for lower class

- archery for upper class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

law and order in pre industrial britain

A
  • very little law and order
  • no money to have law and order at sporting events
  • lower class sports were violent sometimes fatal
  • few if any rules
  • cruelty to animals at the time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

education and literacy in pre industrial britain

A
  • lower class have limited education due to money
  • lower class are illiterate and not educated
  • no rules could be read and understood by lower class so sport had little rules involved
  • upper class were well educated and literate
  • rules could be read by upper class
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

availability of time and money in pre industrial britain

A
  • lower class worked long and strenuous hours so little appetite for sports
  • activities for lower class usually on holidays, holy days or festivals
  • lower class may have done sport on land where they worked
  • lower class had limited time due to holy days
  • upper class had more pass times as they could pay and take part
  • upper class could gamble and bet
  • lower class had no money to gamble
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

transport in pre industrial britain

A
  • horses for wealthy and carriages
  • walking
  • limited transport
  • road conditions poor so many people never left their village
  • upper class could get to tennis courts or cricket pitches
  • lack of transport means different villages have different rules for different sports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

date of industrial revolution and what it is

A
  • post 1850s

- more industry work and factories developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the agrarian revolution

A

movement of workers away from the countryside to find work in the city

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what was the change to amateurs in the industrial revolution

A
  • amateurs became middle class eventually as well as upper class
  • professionals stayed the same
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

characteristics of amateurs and professionals in the industrial revolution

A
  • forced to use different changing rooms
  • professionals made to clean and do dirty jobs
  • working men payed extra for missing work
  • upper class against it as it goes away from the true values of sport = lead to rugby split in two leagues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

social class in the industrial revolution

A
  • middle class was introduced
    middle class = those who were professionals, factory owners and manager but did not own large estates.
  • middle class have more time to be involved in sport
  • many went to public schools and were involved in development of rules for other sports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gender in the industrial revolution

A

women’s role = to mary, to have children, depend financially on husband

  • education was deemed pointless for women
  • lack of work for women at the time. Teachers only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in the late 19th century how did gender roles change

A
  • status of women changed
  • becoming more women than men due to work, army deaths and emigration
  • campaigners fought for equal rights, the right to work, right to education and eventually the right to vote
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

law and order in the industrial revolution

A
  • development of more laws affected which activities were allowed
  • upper and middle classes were the ones developing laws
  • cock fighting and mob games were eliminated, but more upper class sports were left untouched eg. foxhunting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

education and literacy in the industrial revolution

A
  • lower classes didnt want to gain education as it would mean less tie working so less money.
  • upper/middle classes continued to gain education
  • education act 1870 (foster act) increased the number of elementary schools nationwide
  • after 1981 education act became free, meaning more lower class families sent their children to school.
  • learned to read and could now understand the sport rules of upper and middle classes so participation increased
22
Q

availability of time and money in the industrial revolution

A
  • factory owners used to try and stop workers getting paid to work and play sports
  • owners realised sport could keep workers healthy and loyal
  • companies created their own teams eg. thames iron works = west ham
  • lower still worked long hours for little money 6,6,6
  • lower class still had little money and time
  • saturday half day was introduced
  • by 1965 work hours were typically 42 hour weeks this boosted moral along with taking workers to the seaside once a year
23
Q

Transport in the industrial revolution

A
  • walking, horseback, rivers, canals etc….
  • development of roads, bicycles, railways, cars (20th century) helping with transport to and from sport
  • means away games were created
  • railways formed
24
Q

effects of railways in the industrial revolution

A
  • bigger crowds and followings
  • better players moved to live and play with better teams
  • teams could tour
  • race meetings were planned along train lines
  • owners could get their horses to scottish races as well
25
Q

characteristics of early public schools

A
  • boarding
  • expensive
  • upper/middle class
  • boys only
  • fee paying
  • harsh/strict environment
26
Q

identify early public schools

A
  • eton
  • harrow
  • rugby
  • charterhouse
  • st pauls
  • winchester
  • merchant taylors
  • westminster
  • shrewsbury
27
Q

what does athleticism mean?

A

putting in maximal physical effort while adhering to the ethics of the game and playing sportingly

28
Q

what is fagging

A

younger boys are picked on and are servants to the older boys

29
Q

how did doctor Thomas Arnold change rugby school?

A
  • developed ‘moral christian gentleman’
  • removed the fagging system and promoted muscular christianity
  • introduced sports
  • introduced sport prefects
  • developed athleticism
  • introduced a house system
30
Q

why could sport benefit education?

A
  • motivation
  • inclusiveness
  • teamwork
31
Q

what impact has popular recreation had on the schooling system?

A

added violence or desire to win

32
Q

impact of the cult of athleticism

A
  • encouraged effort over winning
  • encouraged development of codified sport; with rules (national governing bodies)
  • encouraged fair play and sportsmanship
  • large amounts of time devoted to sport in schools
  • developed leagues
  • ex school boys spread the cult through old boys network
33
Q

what is the melting pot?

A

people from uni and other sectors came together with different variants of a sport and decide on the best rules to use

34
Q

what is the old boy/girl network

A

the idea that ex public school students going into good jobs and other roles after school spread sport

35
Q

why were 19th century public schools influential in promoting and organising sports

A
  • influence of head teachers = respected and society followed their ideas
  • time on sport = boarding, believed games were valuable for moral character and health
  • ex people promoted games and ethics = old boys network
  • house structure with fixtures and comps = competitive, extra curricular
  • money
  • rules = student developed and NGB’s for sport so codified rules
36
Q

NGB examples

A
  • football association (FA) 1863
  • amateur athletics club (AAC) 1866
  • rugby football union (RFU) 1871
37
Q

dates of 20th century

A

1901 to 2000

38
Q

class in the 20th century

A
  • divide in class within rugby still present
  • upper and middle still have more free time
  • some sports see a mix of competitors eg. cricket
  • clubs can now afford to pay people
  • loss of jobs during great depression lead to lots of teams going bankrupt
39
Q

gender in 20th century

A
  • crowds at sporting events are mainly men
  • more teams formed for mainly men increasing participation
  • huge gap between men and female participation rates
40
Q

law and order in 20th century

A
  • now televised
  • most cruel sports have disappeared eg. bare knuckle fighting is now boxing / fox hunting still allowed
  • spectators now need to pay to watch live sports
41
Q

education in the 20th century

A
  • 1944 education act (butler act)
  • schools are not just to develop pupils academically
  • need to develop students physically, spiritally, morally etc…
  • PE is now taught in most schools
    state education made up of:
    - grammar schools
    - secondary modern schools
    - secondary technical schools
42
Q

transport in the 20th century

A
  • different modes of transport became available to everyone
  • cars, trains, bikes, planes, coaches etc…
  • teams began to have private transport
43
Q

how did technology help to grow participation and spectatorship in sport?

A
  • travel means you can have more fixtures
  • TV coverage
  • radio, email
44
Q

class in the 21st century and social mobility

A
  • less pronounced and social mobility means class isn’t decided from birth
  • professionals and amateurs are no longer as clearly defined with social class
  • some sports are still associated with upper/ lower class like polo with upper class
  • Olympic sports (amateur) higher % medal winners from fee paying schools
45
Q

how does socio-economic groups impact sport

A

16 years plus of age, participations is greater in higher socio-economic groups even though sport is less defined to be linked with social class compared to the 20th century

46
Q

gender in the 21st century

A
  • still a difference in participation and spectator levels between men and women’s sport
  • being good at sport still regarded ‘unfeminine’ by some
  • certain activities traditionally linked to males and females e.g. dance vs team sports
  • more women involved in physical exercise, more interest in health and fitness
  • much larger, growing participation in women’s rugby and football e.g. 2002 FA says football is top participation sport for girls and women in England
  • role model help a gender shift
47
Q

law and order in the 21st century

A
  • sports legislation is sophisticated and specific to sport
  • increase in litigation as people are more aware of their legal rights
  • new laws have been passed to protect participants, officials and spectators
  • sport specific laws have made sport safer, fairer and less violent
    duty of care = legal obligation to ensure safety of others
    negligence = failure to take proper care
    deviance in sport = behavior in a way that knowingly breaks rules or ethics of sport
    cheating and drug taking
48
Q

time and money for sport in the 21st century

A
  • for some there is increased wealth
  • global recessions have affected some peoples disposable income
  • affects ticket prices
49
Q

education and literacy in 21st century

A
  • PE compulsory 5-16 years
  • PE specific qualifications (GCSE, A Levels, Degrees and Vocationals)
  • extra curricular activities focus and knowledge on health and fitness
  • NC (1988) standardised teaching of PE = inclusion (gender, disability)
50
Q

transport in the 21st century

A
  • car ownership
  • public transport
  • cheap airfares
  • transport links across country and Europe
  • match tickets to a game are rising

socio-cultural sports studies (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions