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PE P3 > Emergence and evolution of modern sport > Flashcards

Emergence and evolution of modern sport Flashcards

1
Q

PRE INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

A

2 classes

UPPER CLASS = sophisticated, complex rules, require time and money - real tennis, fox hunting

LOWER CLASS = simple, few rules, violent - mob football

BOTH = pedestrianism - lower class = competed, upper class = patrons

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2
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

A
  • women participated events
  • shaped by the expected behaviour
  • ‘weaker sex’
  • LC = few rights
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3
Q

What sports event did UC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

A

archery

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4
Q

What sports event did LC women compete in - pre-industrial ?

A

smock race

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5
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

A
  • not many formal laws

- LC = violent sports - bare knuckled fighting

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6
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TIME AND MONEY

A

UPPER CLASS:

  • more time and money
  • longer lasting events
  • afford equipment / transport / facilities
  • fox hunting

LOWER CLASS

  • long hours labouring land
  • confined to holy days
  • short duration
  • localised
  • throwing contest
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7
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION

A

UPPER CLASS:

  • educated
  • understand rules of complex sports
  • real tennis

LOWER CLASS:

  • uneducated / illiterate
  • mob football
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8
Q

PRE-INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

A

UPPER CLASS:

  • horse and cart
  • more opportunities
  • longer lasting
  • facilities

LOWER CLASS:

  • no transport
  • local
  • short
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9
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL : SOCIAL CLASS

A
  • stronger divisions
  • middle-class = factory owners
  • middle class went to public schools
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10
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL : GENDER

A
  • restricted opportunities for women
  • expected to marry and have children
  • allowed to become teachers
  • however change occurred due to war
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11
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL : LAW AND ORDER

A
  • development of laws
  • less violence in sport
  • upper class held onto cruel sports
  • laws made by upper class
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12
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL : EDUCATION

A
  • upper class didn’t want middle class to be educated
  • middle class wanted children to work to earn money
  • Education Act 1870-rise to national system of education = establishment of elementary schools
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13
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL : TIME AND MONEY

A
  • employers realised benefits of sport
  • saturday half-day introduced
  • large factories would pay for annual excursion
  • end of 20th century working hours = 37-40hrs
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14
Q

POST INDUSTRIAL : TRANSPORT

A
  • development of roads / bikes / railways
  • allowed fixtures
  • venues around the country
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15
Q

Amateurs

A
  • People who compete in sporting activities but aren’t paid.

- Status suited upper/middle classes

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16
Q

Professionals

A

People who earn income for competing in sporting activities.

17
Q

How did public schools influence promotion and organisation of sport?

A
  • Aided development of modern sports both home and abroad
  • Early 19th century-headmasters not in favour of sport
  • Middle 19th century-change ethos, sport became important element of education
18
Q

How did public schools influence promotion of ethics through sport?

A

THOMAS ARNOLD

  • Developed house system-form competitive teams
  • Wanted boys to be Christian gentlemen
19
Q

Cult of athleticism

A
  • Combination of physical endeavour and moral integrity

- Development of character through sport

20
Q

How did public schools spread and export games and the ethic?

A
  • 1845-Rugby pupils wrote down football rules
  • Pupils took games to university
  • 1863-Common set of rules decided for football, players around country came together to form FA
21
Q

21st century: class

A
  • Social mobility can be achieved through sports
  • More middle class athletes
  • Different spots still associated with different classes
22
Q

21st century: amateurism and professionalism

A

-Social class factor in whether someone is likely to be amateur/professional

23
Q

21st century: gender

A
  • More female sport presenters
  • Certain sports still linked with men (rugby)/females (dance)
  • Women participation rates in football/rugby continue growing
  • More men than women still participate/watch sport
24
Q

21st century: law and order

A
  • Laws to prevent discrimination
  • Rights of athletes/ spectators now protected by law
  • Laws against drugs/match-fixing
25
Q

21st century: education

A
  • 5-16 must get education

- Wide range of sport degrees and qualifications

26
Q

21st century: time/money/ transport

A
  • More transport/ cheaper air fares
  • Participation rates down in 2012- global recession, less money on sport
  • Society much more technological-more time
27
Q

Globalisation

A

process involving sport as worldwide business, featuring corporate brands, media coverage & freedom of movement

28
Q

20th century: class

A
  • pub=centre of sporting activity
  • horse racing/boxing-middle/upper class provided money, lower class took part
  • cricket-working, middle compete together
  • working class had less time than other classes
29
Q

20th century: gender

A
  • female participation dropped in 1900
  • male dominated crowds in football/rugby
  • working class women excluded from profession sport due to time/money
30
Q

20th century: law/order

A
  • fields of play enclosed, written codes of conduct
  • had to pay to watch
  • sport press developed
  • gambling still essential part of sport
31
Q

20th century: education

A
  • all schools curricula included PE
  • secondary modern schools ran range of sport teams
  • sport was promoted through extra-curricular provision
32
Q

20th century: time/money

A
  • gradual increase to leisure/tie/money=men played as well as watched
  • money availability enabled darts, dominoes, billiards
33
Q

20th century: transport

A
  • public/private transport more available to everyone

- international competitions accessible by international travel-‘shop window’ for host city

34
Q

Societal factors that impacted pre-industrial sport

A
  • availability of time/money
  • transport
  • education
  • social class.
  • gender
  • laws and order
35
Q

How was participation in Rugby/cricket used to promote ‘good character’ in public schoolboys

A
  • Teamwork
  • Leadership
  • Loyalty – devotion to team/house/school
  • Respect – winning and losing graciously/accepting officials’ decisions
  • Physical endeavour – trying your hardest at all times
36
Q

How changing the role of women positively affected levels of participation in sport in the 21st century

A
  • no longer seen as homemaker/wife
  • increase free time-shared parental leave
  • increase number of events for women
  • stereotypes are challenged
  • better standard of play
  • increased media coverage

PE P3 (5 decks)

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