Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Focused Memorization > Embryonic > Flashcards

Embryonic Flashcards

1
Q

Deformation

A

Due to extrinsic or outside forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disruption

A

Secondary breakdown of a previously normal tissue or structure.

ie: amniotic bands that can compress or amputate fetal limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agenesis

A

Complete absence of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Malformation

A

Primary instrinsic defect in the cells or tissues that form a structure, leading to a chain of downstream defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sequence

A

A number of abnormalities result from a single primary defect

ie: oligohydramnios causing Potter sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Truncus arteriosus gives rise to…

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bulbus cordis gives rise to…

A

Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endocardial cushion gives rise to…

A

Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum

AV and semilunar valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primitive atrium gives rise to…

A

Trabeculated part of left and right ATRIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primitive ventricle gives rise to…

A

Trabeculated part of left and right VENTRICLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to…

A

Coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to…

A

Smooth part of left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to…

A

Smooth part of right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to…

A

Superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does cardiac looping occur

A

begins at 4th week of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adult remnant of Allantosis&raquo_space; Urachus

A

Median umbilical ligament

Urachus is part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adult remnant of Ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adult remnant of Ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adult remnant of Foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adult remnant of Notochord

A

Nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adult remnant of Umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adult remnant of Umbilical vein

A

Legamentum tere hepatis

contained in falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
Thyroid tissue is derived from \_\_\_\_\_
Parafollicular cells (aka C cells) are derived from \_\_\_\_\_
A

Endoderm

Neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prosencephalon (Forebrain) becomes….

A

Telecephalon and Diencephalon

25
Mesencephalon (Midbrain) becomes...
Mesencephalon
26
Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) becomes....
Metencephalon and Myelencephalon
27
Telencephalon becomes...
Cerebral hemisphere | Lateral ventricles
28
Diencephalon becomes...
Thalamus, Hypothalaum | Third ventricle
29
Mesencephalon (secondary) becomes...
Midbrain | Aqueduct
30
Metencephalon becomes...
Pons, Cerebellum | UPPER part of 4th ventricle
31
Myelencephalon becomes...
Medulla | LOWER part of 4th ventricle
32
Neuroectoderm gives rise to...
CNS neurons, ependymal cells (inner lining of ventricles, makes CSF), oligodendroglia, astrocytes
33
Embryology of kidney
Pronephros: week 4, then degenerates Mesonephros: Functions as interim kidney for 1st trimester, later contributes to male genital system Metanephros: Permanent, first appears in 5th week, continues through 32-36 weeks
34
Lung development stages
Embryonic (weeks 4-7). Errors can lead to TE fistula Pseudoglandular (weeks 5-16) Incompatable with life Canalicular (weeks 16-26) Respiration possible at 25 weeks Saccular (weeks 26-birth) Alveolar (weeks 32- childhood)
35
Surface Ectoderm derivatives
Epidermis, Rathke pouch, Lens of eye, Epithelial linings of oral cavity, Sensory organs of ear, Olfactory epithelium, Epidermis, Anal canal below pectinate line, parotid/sweat/mammary glands
36
Neuroectoderm derivatives
Brain, Retina, Spinal cord
37
Neural crest derivatives
PNS, Melanocytes, Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla, parafollicula (C cells) or thyroid, Pia and arachnoid, Bones of skull, Odonoblasts, Aorticopulmonary septum, Endocardial cushions
38
Mesoderm derivatives
Muscle, Bone, Connective tissue, Serous linings of body cavities, Spleen, Cardiovascular structures, Lymphatics, Blood, Wall of gut tube, Upper vagina, Kidneys, Adrenal cortex, Dermis, Testes, Ovaries
39
Endoderm derivatives
Gut tube epithelium, most of Urethra and lower vagina, Luminal epithelial derivitives (Lungs, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Thymus, Parathyroid, Thyroid follicular cells)
40
Fetal damage caused by ACE inhibitors
``` Renal damage (dysgenesis) Oligohydramnios ```
41
Fetal damage caused by Alklating agents
Absence of digits, multiple anomalies
42
Fetal damage caused by Aminoglycosides
Ototoxicity
43
Fetal damage caused by Antiepileptic drugs
Neural tube defects (Myelomeningocele), cardiac defects, cleft palate, skeletal abnormalities High-dose folate supplementation recommended. Most commonly valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital Valporate: neural tube defects Phenytoin: Neural tube defects, orofacial clefts, microcephaly, nail or digit hypoplasia
44
Fetal damage caused by Diethylstilbestrol
Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenical Mullerian anomalies
45
Fetal damage caused by Folage antagonists
Neural tube defects Limb and craniofacial abnormalities Spontaneous abortion
46
Fetal damage caused by Isotretinoin
``` Multiple severe birth defects. Microcephaly Thymic hypoplasia Small ears Tetrology of Fallot ```
47
Fetal damage caused by Lithium
Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve)
48
Fetal damage caused by Methimazole
Aplasia cutis congenita
49
Fetal damage caused by Tetracyclines
Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth
50
Fetal damage caused by Thalidomide
Limb defects (flippers)
51
Fetal damage caused by Warfarin
Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalties
52
Fetal damage caused by Alchohol
Developmental delay, microcephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, Heart defects. Heart-lung fistulas Mecahanism is failure of cell migration
53
Fetal damage caused by Cocaine
Low birth weight, preterm birth, Placental abruption Cocaine leads to vasoconstriction
54
Fetal damage caused by Smoking
Low birth weight, preterm labor, placental problems, SIDS
55
Fetal damage caused by Iodine
Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)
56
Fetal damage caused by Maternal diabetes
Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, macrosomia
57
Fetal damage caused by Methylmercury
Neurotoxicity
58
Fetal damage caused by X-rays
Microcephaly, intellectual disability

Focused Memorization (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions