Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Focused Memorization > Embryonic > Flashcards

Embryonic Flashcards

1
Q

Deformation

A

Due to extrinsic or outside forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disruption

A

Secondary breakdown of a previously normal tissue or structure.

ie: amniotic bands that can compress or amputate fetal limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agenesis

A

Complete absence of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Malformation

A

Primary instrinsic defect in the cells or tissues that form a structure, leading to a chain of downstream defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sequence

A

A number of abnormalities result from a single primary defect

ie: oligohydramnios causing Potter sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Truncus arteriosus gives rise to…

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bulbus cordis gives rise to…

A

Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endocardial cushion gives rise to…

A

Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum

AV and semilunar valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primitive atrium gives rise to…

A

Trabeculated part of left and right ATRIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Primitive ventricle gives rise to…

A

Trabeculated part of left and right VENTRICLES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to…

A

Coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to…

A

Smooth part of left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to…

A

Smooth part of right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to…

A

Superior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does cardiac looping occur

A

begins at 4th week of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adult remnant of Allantosis&raquo_space; Urachus

A

Median umbilical ligament

Urachus is part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adult remnant of Ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adult remnant of Ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adult remnant of Foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adult remnant of Notochord

A

Nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adult remnant of Umbilical arteries

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Adult remnant of Umbilical vein

A

Legamentum tere hepatis

contained in falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
Thyroid tissue is derived from \_\_\_\_\_
Parafollicular cells (aka C cells) are derived from \_\_\_\_\_
A

Endoderm

Neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prosencephalon (Forebrain) becomes….

A

Telecephalon and Diencephalon

25
Q

Mesencephalon (Midbrain) becomes…

A

Mesencephalon

26
Q

Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) becomes….

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

27
Q

Telencephalon becomes…

A

Cerebral hemisphere

Lateral ventricles

28
Q

Diencephalon becomes…

A

Thalamus, Hypothalaum

Third ventricle

29
Q

Mesencephalon (secondary) becomes…

A

Midbrain

Aqueduct

30
Q

Metencephalon becomes…

A

Pons, Cerebellum

UPPER part of 4th ventricle

31
Q

Myelencephalon becomes…

A

Medulla

LOWER part of 4th ventricle

32
Q

Neuroectoderm gives rise to…

A

CNS neurons, ependymal cells (inner lining of ventricles, makes CSF), oligodendroglia, astrocytes

33
Q

Embryology of kidney

A

Pronephros: week 4, then degenerates

Mesonephros: Functions as interim kidney for 1st trimester, later contributes to male genital system

Metanephros: Permanent, first appears in 5th week, continues through 32-36 weeks

34
Q

Lung development stages

A

Embryonic (weeks 4-7). Errors can lead to TE fistula

Pseudoglandular (weeks 5-16) Incompatable with life

Canalicular (weeks 16-26) Respiration possible at 25 weeks

Saccular (weeks 26-birth)

Alveolar (weeks 32- childhood)

35
Q

Surface Ectoderm derivatives

A

Epidermis, Rathke pouch, Lens of eye, Epithelial linings of oral cavity, Sensory organs of ear, Olfactory epithelium, Epidermis, Anal canal below pectinate line, parotid/sweat/mammary glands

36
Q

Neuroectoderm derivatives

A

Brain, Retina, Spinal cord

37
Q

Neural crest derivatives

A

PNS, Melanocytes, Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla, parafollicula (C cells) or thyroid, Pia and arachnoid, Bones of skull, Odonoblasts, Aorticopulmonary septum, Endocardial cushions

38
Q

Mesoderm derivatives

A

Muscle, Bone, Connective tissue, Serous linings of body cavities, Spleen, Cardiovascular structures, Lymphatics, Blood, Wall of gut tube, Upper vagina, Kidneys, Adrenal cortex, Dermis, Testes, Ovaries

39
Q

Endoderm derivatives

A

Gut tube epithelium, most of Urethra and lower vagina, Luminal epithelial derivitives (Lungs, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Thymus, Parathyroid, Thyroid follicular cells)

40
Q

Fetal damage caused by ACE inhibitors

A 
Renal damage (dysgenesis)
Oligohydramnios
41
Q

Fetal damage caused by Alklating agents

A

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

42
Q

Fetal damage caused by Aminoglycosides

A

Ototoxicity

43
Q

Fetal damage caused by Antiepileptic drugs

A

Neural tube defects (Myelomeningocele), cardiac defects, cleft palate, skeletal abnormalities

High-dose folate supplementation recommended. Most commonly valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital

Valporate: neural tube defects
Phenytoin: Neural tube defects, orofacial clefts, microcephaly, nail or digit hypoplasia

44
Q

Fetal damage caused by Diethylstilbestrol

A

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenical Mullerian anomalies

45
Q

Fetal damage caused by Folage antagonists

A

Neural tube defects

Limb and craniofacial abnormalities
Spontaneous abortion

46
Q

Fetal damage caused by Isotretinoin

A 
Multiple severe birth defects. 
Microcephaly
Thymic hypoplasia
Small ears
Tetrology of Fallot
47
Q

Fetal damage caused by Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly (apical displacement of tricuspid valve)

48
Q

Fetal damage caused by Methimazole

A

Aplasia cutis congenita

49
Q

Fetal damage caused by Tetracyclines

A

Discolored teeth, inhibited bone growth

50
Q

Fetal damage caused by Thalidomide

A

Limb defects (flippers)

51
Q

Fetal damage caused by Warfarin

A

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, opthalmologic abnormalties

52
Q

Fetal damage caused by Alchohol

A

Developmental delay, microcephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, Heart defects. Heart-lung fistulas

Mecahanism is failure of cell migration

53
Q

Fetal damage caused by Cocaine

A

Low birth weight, preterm birth, Placental abruption

Cocaine leads to vasoconstriction

54
Q

Fetal damage caused by Smoking

A

Low birth weight, preterm labor, placental problems, SIDS

55
Q

Fetal damage caused by Iodine

A

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (cretinism)

56
Q

Fetal damage caused by Maternal diabetes

A

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia), congenital heart defects, neural tube defects, macrosomia

57
Q

Fetal damage caused by Methylmercury

A

Neurotoxicity

58
Q

Fetal damage caused by X-rays

A

Microcephaly, intellectual disability

Focused Memorization (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions