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Genetics and Development > Embryology - Videos > Flashcards

Embryology - Videos Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Corona radiata

A

Dense layer of cells surrounding the oocyte

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2
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Glycoprotein protective coat surrounding oocyte, acts in sperm binding, fertilization, block to polyspermy and premature implantation

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3
Q

ZP3

A

Receptor protein in zona pellucida, binds to sperm

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4
Q

Sperm binding

A

Reaction where sperm binds to ZP3 receptors on zona pellucida

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5
Q

Acrosomal reaction

A

Activated when sperm binds to zona pellucida, acrosomal enzymes released and digest zona pellucida proteins

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6
Q

Perivitalline space

A

Space between oocyte and zona pellucida

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7
Q

Fast block to polyspermy

A

Oocyte cell membrane depolarization in reaction to sperm fusion, stops other sperm from fusing

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8
Q

Slow block to polyspermy

A

Sperm fusion activates calcium wave that triggers cortical granule secretion and destruction of ZP3 blocking sperm binding

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9
Q

Cortical granule

A

Specialized granule just beneath the plasma membrane of oocyte that contains enzymes that destroy ZP3

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10
Q

Pronucleus

A

Term describing the maternal and paternal nuclei before fusion in the oocyte

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11
Q

Zygote

A

Diploid cell formed when maternal and paternal pronuclei fuse

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12
Q

Cleavage

A

Rapid mitotic division after fertilization, first on happens at 30 hours

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13
Q

Blastomere

A

Diploid cells formed by early zygotic divisions through cleavage

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14
Q

Morula

A

Cluster of 16-32 identical blastomeres, enters the uterus cavity around day 4

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15
Q

Blastocoele

A

Cavity formed when uterine milk penetrates the blastomere and form a cavity during day 5

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16
Q

Blastocyst

A

Early developmental stage of embryo following morula, consists of trophoblast, embryoblast and blastocoele, forms around day 5 and hatches from zona pellucida

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17
Q

Implantation

A

Happens 6-7 days after fertilization, can happen only if the endometrium wall is properly prepared

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18
Q

Decidua

A

Name for the endometrium during pregancy

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19
Q

Decidua basalis

A

Decidua surrounding the embryo

20
Q

Decidua capsularis

A

Decidua wall between the embryo and uterus

21
Q

Decidua parietalis

A

All other decidua that is not d. basalis or d. capsularis

22
Q

Trophoblast

A

Outer cell mass of the blastocyst, goes on to form the placenta and related structures, forms during day 5

23
Q

Embryoblast

A

Inner cell mass of the blastocyst, goes on to form the embryo, forms during day 5

24
Q

Cytotrophoblast

A

Cellular inner layer of trophoblast, forms during impantation around day 7

25
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast

A

Outer layer of the trophoblast, consists of fused cells that go on to form lacunae, forms during implantation around day 7

26
Q

Hypoblast

A

Also known as primitive endoderm, forms the membrane of the yolk sac, part of bilaminar embryonic disc, later replaced by epiblast cells, forms around day 8

27
Q

Epiblast

A

Part of bilaminar embryonic disc, goes on to form all structure of the embryo proper, forms around day 8

28
Q

Amniotic cavity

A

Forms between epiblast cells and cytotrophoblast cells, goes on to surround the whole embryo, forms around day 8

29
Q

Exocoelemic membrane

A

Membrane formed from migrating hypoblast cells during day 8, lines the primitive yolk sac

30
Q

Bilaminar embryonic disc

A

Early embryonic strucure that consists of epiblast and hypoblast, forms around day 8

31
Q

Lacunae

A

Small holes in syncytiotrophoblast that later fuse forming lacunar networks and fuse with maternal sinusoids, start forming around 9 and start fusing around day 12

32
Q

Maternal sinusoid

A

Dilated maternal capillaries of the endometrium that go on to fuse with lacunar networks

33
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm

A

Layer of cells between inner membrane of sytotrophoblast and primitive yolk sac, forms the chorionic cavity, form around day 12

34
Q

Chorionic cavity

A

Cavity formed by extraembryonic mesoderm, surrounds the early embryo

35
Q

Secondary yolk sac

A

Formed after part of the exocoelemic membrane is pinched of and expulsed to the abembryonic side, forms around day 13

36
Q

Connecting stalk

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm structure that connects the bilaminar embryo to the cytotrophoblast, forms around day 13 after the chorionic cavity expands

37
Q

Gastrulation

A

Process where the bilaminar embryonic disc undergoes reorganization to form a trilaminar disc and the three germ layers

38
Q

Caudal end

A

Tail end

39
Q

Primitive streak

A

Thickened structure that forms around the midline of the epiblast near the caudal end, defines the major body axis, forms around day 15

40
Q

Cranial end

A

Towards the head

41
Q

Primitive node

A

Expansion of the primitive streak on the cranial end, forms a depression known as primitive pit, formed around day 15

42
Q

Primitive pit

A

Circular depression of the primitive node in the cranial end of the primitive streak, forms around day 15

43
Q

Primitive groove

A

Name for the depression from primitive pit towards the caudal end along the primitive streak

44
Q

Invagination

A

Process where epiblast cell dip and migrate through the primitive streak towards the interior of the embryo

45
Q

Definitive endoderm

A

Germ layer formed by migrating epiblast cells when they replace hypoblast cells, goes on to form the gastrointestinal tract and related organ as well as respitorary tract

46
Q

Capacitation

A

Destabilization of the sperm cell membrane by uterine secretions

Genetics and Development (13 decks)

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