Alberts, Ch 15 - Cell Signaling Flashcards
(109 cards)
Adaptor
General terma for a protein that functions solely to link two or more different proteins together in an intracellular signaling pathway or protein complex
Adenylyl cyclase
Membrane-bound enzym that catalyzes formation of cyclic aMP from ATP, important component of some intracellular signaling pathways
Akt
Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts in the PI-3-kinase/Akt intracellular signaling pathway involved especially in signaling cells to grom and survive, also called protein kinase B (PKB)
Arrestin
Member of aa family of proteins that contributes to GPCR desensitization by preventing the activated receptor from interacting with G proteins and servingas an adaptor to couple receptor to clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Beta-catenin
Multifunctional cytoplasmic protein involved in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, linking cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton, can also act independently as a transcription regulatory protein, has important role in animal development as part of Wnt signaling pathway
Calmodulin
Ubiquitous intracellular Ca2+-binding protein that undergoes a large conformation change when it binds Ca2+ allowing it to regulate the activity of many target proteins
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaM-kinase)
Serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by Ca2+/calmodulin, indirectly mediates effects of an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ by phosphorylating specific target proteins
CaM-kinase II
Multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates itself and various target proteins when activated, found in most animal cells but is especially abundant at synapses in the brain and is involved in some forms ofsynaptic plasticity in vertebrates
Circadian clock
Internal cyclical process that produces a particular change in a cell or organism with a period of around 24 hours, for example sleep-wakefulness cycle in humans
Cone photoreceptor
Photoreceptor cell in vertebrate retina that is responsible for color vision in bright light
Contact-dependent signaling
Form of intracellular signaling in which signal molecules remain bound to the surface of the signaling cell and influence only cells that contact it
CRE-binding (CREB) protein
Transcription regulator that recognizes cyclic AMP response element (CRE)in the regulatory region of genes activated by cAMP, on activation by PKA, phosphorylated CREB recruit a transcriptional coactivatos to stimulate transcription of target genes
Cubitus interruptus (Ci)
Laatent transcription regulator that mediated the effects of Hedgehog
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Nucleotide that is generated from ATP by adenylyl cyclase in response to various extracellular signals, acts as a small intracellular ignaling molecule mainly by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)
cAMP phosphodiesterase
Specific enzyme that rapidly and continuously destros cAMP forming 5’-AMP
Cyclic GMP (cGMP)
Nucleotide that is generated from GTP by guanylyl cyclase in response various extracellular signals
cGMP phosphodiesterase
Specific enzyme that rapidly hydrolyzes and degrades cGMP
cAMP-dependent protain kinase
Enzyme that phosphorylates target proteins in response to rise in intracellular cAMP, also known as protein kinase A (PKA)
Cytokine receptor
Cell-surface receptor taht binds a specific cytokine or hormone and acts through JAK-STAT signaling pathway
Cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase
Enzyme activated by certain cell-surface receptors that transmits th receptor signal onward by phosphorylating target cytoplasmic proteins on tyrosine side chains
Delta
Single-pass transmembrane signal protein displayed on the surface of cells that binds to the Notch receptor protein on a neighboring cell activating a contact-dependent signaling mechanism
Dishevelled
Scaffold protein recruited to the Frizzled family of cell-surface receptors upon their activation by Wnt binding that helps relay the signal to other signaling molecules
Endocrine cell
Specialized animal cell that secretes a hormone into the blood, usually part of a glandd such asthe thyroid or pituary gland
Enzyme-coupled receptor
Major type of cell-surface receptor that has a cytoplasmic domain that either has enzymatic activity or is associated with an intracellular enzyme, enzymatic activity is stimulated by an extracellular ligand binding to the receptor