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Embryology Test > Embryology Test 3 > Flashcards

Embryology Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are smell, taste, visioin, and hearing considered special senses?

A

information for each is processed in a seperate cortical region

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2
Q

The cell products of primary neruulation include which of the following?

A

Surface ectoderm, neural tube neuroepethial cells, neural crest cells

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3
Q

The embryonic tissues produced from secondary neurulation derive from which source?

A

caudal eminence (tail bud)

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4
Q

Where does cerbrospinal fluid flow?

A

btw pia and the arachnoid (subarachnoid space)

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5
Q

A vertebral malformation in which the spinal cord is displaced into a fluid filled sac lined by the dura and arachnoid layers would be termed ?

A

meningomylocele

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6
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the dorsal most nerve tract?

A

somatic afferent

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7
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the ventral most nerve tract?

A

somatic motor

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8
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the short nerve in the vertebral colomb that connects the efferent and afferent nerves?

A

interneuron

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9
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the origin of the somatic afferent cells?

A

neural crest cells

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10
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: What is the origin of the somatic motor cells?

A

ventral basal plate neurons

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11
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: which support cells would dominate in the dorsal root ganglion?

A

satellite cells

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12
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: Which support cells would dominate in the ventral root plexus?

A

Schwann cells

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13
Q

From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: What is the origin of Schwann cells?

A

neural crest cells

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14
Q

Which cell type does not derive from neural crest cells?

A

sympathetic preganglionic cells

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15
Q

The cerebellum derive from which definitive brain region?

A

metencephalon

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16
Q

The corpus striatum and basal nuclei derive from which definitive brain region?

A

telencephalon

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17
Q

The superior and inferior colliculi derive from which definitive brain region?

A

mesencephalon

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18
Q

The pineal gland derives from which definitive brain region?

A

diencephalon

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19
Q

Otic placode comes from which brain region?

A

mylencephalon

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20
Q

Which meurons appear first during spinal cord development?

A

somatic motor

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21
Q

Spinal neural tube neuroepithelial call proliferation results in formation of ventricular, mantle, and marginal layers. How does the marginal layer relate to adult spinal cord structures?

A

represents white matter myelinated axons

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22
Q

Which cells are not derivatives of the spinal cord neuroepithelium?

A

microglial cells

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23
Q

In addition to classification as special sensory afferent, what other feature do the Olfactory, Optic, and Vestibulocochlear nerves share?

A

afferent fibers include bipolar cells

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24
Q

Which of the listed cranial nerves does not use basal plate derived multipolar neurons to provide GSE regulation of skeletal muscle?

A

trigeminal

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25
Q

The pharyngeal arch cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 all contain general visceral efferent fibers. Which other feature do they share?

A

all are parasympathetic

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26
Q

The pharyngeal arch cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, and 10 all contain special visceral affeerent function. Which other feature do they share?

A

all contain cplacode and neural crest derived afferent neurons

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27
Q

Which pharyngeal arch cranial nerve provides general visceral afferent innervation of the carotid body and carotid sinus?

A

glossopharyngeal (9)

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28
Q

Which is the origin of the photoreceptor bipolar cells and ganglion cells in the neural retina?

A

neural tube neuroepithelium

29
Q

Which placode derived pharyngeal CN’s include special visceral afferent funtion (taste)?

A

7, 9, and 10

30
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary?

A

stomodeum surface ectoderm

31
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary?

A

infundibulum

32
Q

The pyramidal tracts are a major feature on the ventral surface of which area?

A

mylencephalon

33
Q

Why is the cerebellum considered to more closely resemble the forebrain than the hindbrain?

A

derives from neuoblasts migrating through the marginal layer

34
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the lens of the eye?

A

placode ectoderm

35
Q

Which fearture do the eyes, posterior pituitary and third ventricle have in common?

A

derive from the diencephalon

36
Q

An infant is born wiht a large mass protruding from the occtipital region of the skull. Examination reveals the presence of CSF but no cerebral cortical tissue. How would you classify this?

A

meningocele

37
Q

Cerebellar displacement as seen in Arnold-Chiari malformation is associated with which condition?

A

nonobstructive hydrocephalus

38
Q

What is the origin of the CNS glial cells?

A

neural tube neuroepithelium

39
Q

Failure of the neural tube to close over the entire spinal cord is?

A

Rachischisis

40
Q

What is the correct order for the spinal meninges (from outside in)?

A

epidural, dural, arachnoid, subarachnoid, pia

41
Q

Which neruons would only be present in a thoracic or a sacral region spinal cord cross section?

A

visceral motor

42
Q

Somatic sensory information reaches the sensory cortix via a three neuron pathway. The first neurons synapse in the nucleus cuneatus/ gracilis and then ascend to the thalamus via which pathway?

A

lemniscal tract

43
Q

Which neuron type would not be myelinated?

A

sympathetic postganglionic

44
Q

The direct differentiation of mesenchyme cells into bone forming cells is classified as what type of osteogenesis?

A

intramembranous

45
Q

Mesenchyme cell differentiation into cartilage forming cells that create a cartilage template, followed by conversion into bone, is which type of osteogenesis?

A

endochondral

46
Q

The bones of the face develop from the pharyngeal arch mesenchyme and are considered part of which area?

A

viscerocranium

47
Q

What is the origin of the mesenchyme that gives rise to the viscerocranium?

A

neural crest cells

48
Q

Which are derives from paraxial mesoderm and developes by endochodral ossification?

A

posterior chondrocranium

49
Q

The first somite develops from which somitomere?

A

8

50
Q

The vertebra and ribs derive from which cell source?

A

sclerotome

51
Q

Replacing forelimb bud mesoderm with hind limb mesoderm will have what effect on limb structure?

A

normal hind limb will form

52
Q

Which gene or factor is dicerctly involved in initiating limb bud formation?

A

FGF

53
Q

Limb bone and connective tissues come from which source?

A

lateral somatic mesoderm

54
Q

Limb somatic motor neurons derive from which source?

A

neural tube neuroepithelial cells

55
Q

Limb muscles come from which source?

A

paraxial somitic mesoderm

56
Q

Limb somatic sensory neurons comes from which source?

A

neural crest cells

57
Q

What CN comes from the petrosal placode?

A

9

58
Q

What CN comes from the geniculate placode?

A

7

59
Q

What CN comes from the nodose placode?

A

10

60
Q

What CN comes from the otic placode?

A

8

61
Q

What CN comes from the trigeminal placode?

A

5

62
Q

What are the 2 alar plate spinal cord nuclei?

A

GSA and GVA

63
Q

What are the 2 basal plate spinal cord nuclei?

A

GSE and GVE

64
Q

Know the 12 cranial nerves, if motor or sensory or both.

A

OOOTTAFVGVSH
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal
SS_M_M_S__MM

65
Q

What are the pharyngeal arch CNs?

A

5, 7, 9, and 10

66
Q

What are the Parasympathetic CNs?

A

3, 7, 9, and 10

67
Q

Why is brain stem like spinal cord?

A

neuroepithelial cells come from 2 places, then migrate to form 3 different zones; pattern is inner gray matter surrounded by outer white matter

68
Q

Why is cerebrum and cerebellum unique from spinal cord and brain stem?

A

neuroblasts migrate through marginal zone to form additional layer of outer gray cortex

Embryology Test (4 decks)

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