Embryology Test 3 Flashcards
Why are smell, taste, visioin, and hearing considered special senses?
information for each is processed in a seperate cortical region
The cell products of primary neruulation include which of the following?
Surface ectoderm, neural tube neuroepethial cells, neural crest cells
The embryonic tissues produced from secondary neurulation derive from which source?
caudal eminence (tail bud)
Where does cerbrospinal fluid flow?
btw pia and the arachnoid (subarachnoid space)
A vertebral malformation in which the spinal cord is displaced into a fluid filled sac lined by the dura and arachnoid layers would be termed ?
meningomylocele
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the dorsal most nerve tract?
somatic afferent
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the ventral most nerve tract?
somatic motor
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the short nerve in the vertebral colomb that connects the efferent and afferent nerves?
interneuron
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: what is the origin of the somatic afferent cells?
neural crest cells
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: What is the origin of the somatic motor cells?
ventral basal plate neurons
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: which support cells would dominate in the dorsal root ganglion?
satellite cells
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: Which support cells would dominate in the ventral root plexus?
Schwann cells
From picture of vertebra and vertebral nerves coming and going: What is the origin of Schwann cells?
neural crest cells
Which cell type does not derive from neural crest cells?
sympathetic preganglionic cells
The cerebellum derive from which definitive brain region?
metencephalon
The corpus striatum and basal nuclei derive from which definitive brain region?
telencephalon
The superior and inferior colliculi derive from which definitive brain region?
mesencephalon
The pineal gland derives from which definitive brain region?
diencephalon
Otic placode comes from which brain region?
mylencephalon
Which meurons appear first during spinal cord development?
somatic motor
Spinal neural tube neuroepithelial call proliferation results in formation of ventricular, mantle, and marginal layers. How does the marginal layer relate to adult spinal cord structures?
represents white matter myelinated axons
Which cells are not derivatives of the spinal cord neuroepithelium?
microglial cells
In addition to classification as special sensory afferent, what other feature do the Olfactory, Optic, and Vestibulocochlear nerves share?
afferent fibers include bipolar cells
Which of the listed cranial nerves does not use basal plate derived multipolar neurons to provide GSE regulation of skeletal muscle?
trigeminal
The pharyngeal arch cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10 all contain general visceral efferent fibers. Which other feature do they share?
all are parasympathetic
The pharyngeal arch cranial nerves 5, 7, 9, and 10 all contain special visceral affeerent function. Which other feature do they share?
all contain cplacode and neural crest derived afferent neurons
Which pharyngeal arch cranial nerve provides general visceral afferent innervation of the carotid body and carotid sinus?
glossopharyngeal (9)
Which is the origin of the photoreceptor bipolar cells and ganglion cells in the neural retina?
neural tube neuroepithelium
Which placode derived pharyngeal CN’s include special visceral afferent funtion (taste)?
7, 9, and 10
What is the embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary?
stomodeum surface ectoderm
What is the embryonic origin of the posterior pituitary?
infundibulum
The pyramidal tracts are a major feature on the ventral surface of which area?
mylencephalon
Why is the cerebellum considered to more closely resemble the forebrain than the hindbrain?
derives from neuoblasts migrating through the marginal layer
What is the embryonic origin of the lens of the eye?
placode ectoderm
Which fearture do the eyes, posterior pituitary and third ventricle have in common?
derive from the diencephalon
An infant is born wiht a large mass protruding from the occtipital region of the skull. Examination reveals the presence of CSF but no cerebral cortical tissue. How would you classify this?
meningocele
Cerebellar displacement as seen in Arnold-Chiari malformation is associated with which condition?
nonobstructive hydrocephalus
What is the origin of the CNS glial cells?
neural tube neuroepithelium
Failure of the neural tube to close over the entire spinal cord is?
Rachischisis
What is the correct order for the spinal meninges (from outside in)?
epidural, dural, arachnoid, subarachnoid, pia
Which neruons would only be present in a thoracic or a sacral region spinal cord cross section?
visceral motor
Somatic sensory information reaches the sensory cortix via a three neuron pathway. The first neurons synapse in the nucleus cuneatus/ gracilis and then ascend to the thalamus via which pathway?
lemniscal tract
Which neuron type would not be myelinated?
sympathetic postganglionic
The direct differentiation of mesenchyme cells into bone forming cells is classified as what type of osteogenesis?
intramembranous
Mesenchyme cell differentiation into cartilage forming cells that create a cartilage template, followed by conversion into bone, is which type of osteogenesis?
endochondral
The bones of the face develop from the pharyngeal arch mesenchyme and are considered part of which area?
viscerocranium
What is the origin of the mesenchyme that gives rise to the viscerocranium?
neural crest cells
Which are derives from paraxial mesoderm and developes by endochodral ossification?
posterior chondrocranium
The first somite develops from which somitomere?
8
The vertebra and ribs derive from which cell source?
sclerotome
Replacing forelimb bud mesoderm with hind limb mesoderm will have what effect on limb structure?
normal hind limb will form
Which gene or factor is dicerctly involved in initiating limb bud formation?
FGF
Limb bone and connective tissues come from which source?
lateral somatic mesoderm
Limb somatic motor neurons derive from which source?
neural tube neuroepithelial cells
Limb muscles come from which source?
paraxial somitic mesoderm
Limb somatic sensory neurons comes from which source?
neural crest cells
What CN comes from the petrosal placode?
9
What CN comes from the geniculate placode?
7
What CN comes from the nodose placode?
10
What CN comes from the otic placode?
8
What CN comes from the trigeminal placode?
5
What are the 2 alar plate spinal cord nuclei?
GSA and GVA
What are the 2 basal plate spinal cord nuclei?
GSE and GVE
Know the 12 cranial nerves, if motor or sensory or both.
OOOTTAFVGVSH
Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Spinal Accessory, Hypoglossal
SS_M_M_S__MM
What are the pharyngeal arch CNs?
5, 7, 9, and 10
What are the Parasympathetic CNs?
3, 7, 9, and 10
Why is brain stem like spinal cord?
neuroepithelial cells come from 2 places, then migrate to form 3 different zones; pattern is inner gray matter surrounded by outer white matter
Why is cerebrum and cerebellum unique from spinal cord and brain stem?
neuroblasts migrate through marginal zone to form additional layer of outer gray cortex
