Embryology Test 2 Flashcards
The intraembryonic coelom forms during week 3 of development. Where does this occur?
btw somatic and splanchnic mesoderm
A primary outcome of caudal longitudinal folding is formation of the?
hindgut
What is the source of the mesothelium that makes up the parietal pericardium?
lateral somatic mesoderm
The mesenchyme of the pleuropericardial folds give rise to which layer?
fibrous pericardium
What is the source of the mesothelium that makes up the visceral pericardium?
proepicardial primordium
The central tendon of the diaphragm develops from which area?
Septum transversum
Delayed/ failed closure by which area typically accounts for diaphramatic hernia formation?
pleuroperitoneal membranes
The duodenum and ascending / descending colon are secondarily retroperitoneal. What does that mean?
develop in the peritonial cavity but end up outside of it
The process of blood vessel formation by sprouting from preexisting vasculogenic cords is termed?
angiogenesis
Extraembryonic vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis occurse where?
yolk sac splanchnopleure, allantoic splanchnic mesoderm, and chorionic somatopleure
The primary site of red blood cell production during most of the fetal period is?
liver
The hemoglobin made-up of two alpha chains and two gamma chains characterized which period?
fetal
Why is the embryonic AGM region important?
initial site of intraembryonic hematopoiesis
The Rh-incompatibility syndrome (hemolytic disease of newborn) includes?
hemolytic anemia, edema, jaundice, and erythroblastosis (RBC) overproduction
The heart and vascular endothlium primarily derive from which layer?
lateral splanchnic mesoderm
The cardiogenic primordial heart tubes form in the splanchnic mesoderm below the coelomic cavity. WHat event causes the heart tube to lie above the coelomic cavity?
cranial embryonic folding
Which sequence includes the four chamber that characterize the primary heart tube?
sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbis cordis
The coronary vascular smooth muscle derives from which source?
proepicardial primordium
The somatic mesoderm lining the early pericardial cavity contributes to the formation of which area?
parietal pericardium
The fetal āshuntā that occus btw the right and left atria is the?
foramen ovale
The definitive right ventricle derives primarily from which area of the embryonic heart tube?
bulbis cordis
The ventricular papillary muscles derive from which source?
myocardium
The adult truncus arteriosus derives from which area of the primary hear tube?
bulbis cordis
A major part of the adult left atrium actually derives from which structure?
pulmonary veins
The sinus venarium of the right atrium actually derives from which portion of the primordial heart?
right sinus venosus
The coronary sinus mainly derives from which structure?
left sinus venosus
The crista terminalis (terminal crest) marks the separation btw which 2 structures?
primitive and definitive right atrium
The brachiocephalic artery primarily derives from which structure?
aortic sac
Which fetal blood vessel allows shunting of blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta?
ductus arteriosus
The majority of the blood entering the fetal left atrium passes through which passageway?
formen ovale
Failure of neural crest cell to migrate has the greatest impact on which process?
aorta formation
Which cardiac defect always accompanies failed conotruncal septation?
interventricular septal defect
The malformation ātransposition of the great vesselsā primarily reflects failed development in the ?
conotruncus
Which 4 malformations make up the cardiac malformation termed Tetralogy of Fallot?
ventricular septal defect, pulmanoary stenosis, uneven aorticoplumonary septation with R. ward aortic displacement, and R. ventricular hypotrophy
The ductus venosus connects which major vessel to the inferior vena cava?
L. umbilical vein
Which vessels contribute to the right subclavian artery?
R. dorsal aorta, R. 7th intersegmental artery, R. 4th arch
What is the origin of the ductus arteriosis?
L. 6th aortic arch
What is the origin of the L. subclavian artery?
L. 7th intersegmental artery
What is the origin of the common carotid arteries?
3rd aortic arch
The initial portion of the internal carotid derives from the 3rd arch. The majority of them derives from which embryonic vessel?
anterior dorsal aortas
The yolk sac (and midgut) is most closely associated with wich artery?
superior mesenteric
A lateral anastomosis of the first 6 cervical intersegmental arteries is the basis for which mafor adult artery?
vertebral
Where would you find the carotid duct?
btw aortic arches 3 and 4
The definitive adrenal and gonadal arteries derive from ?
lateral intersegmental arteries
Relative to the paired dorsal aortas, how are the sydromes of double aortic arch and R. aortic arch similar?
the R. dorsal aorta is retained in both
The hepatic portal and superior mesenteric veins derive from which embryonic venous system?
vitelline
The R. internal jugular, brachiocephalic, and superior vena cava vollectively derive from which major embyonic blood vessel?
R. anterior cardinal vein
Venous return from the placenta to the ductus venosus occurs via which fuman fetal umbilical cord pathway?
L. umbilical vein
All of the following blood vessels contribute to inferior vena cava formation. Which is critical to linking the subcardinal and supracardinal system?
R. subsupracardinal anastomosis
The syndrome of double superior vena cava occurs due to which event?
L. anterior cardinal vein persists
The azygous vein principally derives from which embryonic venous vessel?
R. supracardinal
List 3 sites of early extraembryonic vasculogenesis and hematopoisis.
yolk sac splanchnopleure, allantoic splanchnic mesoderm, chorionic somatopleurs
List the cell types that develope from the original cardiogenic mesoderm.
endocardial cushion cells, endothelial cells, conduction system cells, atrial myocytes, ventricular myocytes
Name the 3 primary routes for blood flow in the 4 wk embyro.
vitelline circulation, allantoic/umbilical circulation, and aortic-cardial circulation
Name 3 structures needed for atrial septation.
septum primum, septum secundum, and endocardial cushion cells
Name 3 cell types needed for semilunar valve formation.
endocardial cushion cells, epicardial cells, and neural crest cells
Name the organs involved in fetal blood cell production.
Liver, spleen, yolk sac, and AGM
Mane the major vascular derivitives of the fetal dorsal intersegmental artereis.
intercostals, common iliacs, vertebral, and subclavian
Describe heart looping
tube folds right forming āsā shape when bulbis cordis moves right and down, while ventricle mmoves left. THen the atria moves behind and upward until it is superior to bulbus and ventricle
Outline cardiac conduction system and explain the moderator band.
SA node, atrial pathways, AV node, Bundle of His, bundle branches (L. and R.), and Purkinje fibers; the moderator band provides a direct path for the Purkinje fibers from the IV septum to the papillary muscles
Describe major adult derivatives of 4th aortic arch.
R. 4th contributes to subclavian vein by linking the R. dorsal aorta and 7th intersegmental artery to the aortic sac derived brachiocephalic artery. L. 4th links aoric sac and truncus arteriosus with the left dorsal aorta
Trace adult blood flow from R. internal jugular vein to R. internal carotid artery.
IJV - R. brachiocephalic vein - SVC - RA - TV - RV - PSV - PT - PA - PV - LA - BV - LV - ASV - AA - BRA - R. CC - R. IC
Trace fetal blood flow that provides best oxygenated blood to R. internal carotid artery from R. brachiocephalic vein.
R. BRV - SCV - RA - TV - RV - PSV - PT - DA - AO - UA - placenta - UV - DV - IVC - RA - formen ovale - LA - BV - LV - ASV - AA - BRA - R. CC - R. IC
