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Gross Anatomy > Embryology of Skull > Flashcards

Embryology of Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Which two subdivisions form skull?

A

Neurocranium and viscerocranium

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2
Q

What does neurocranium surround?

A

Brain

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3
Q

What does viscerocranium form?

A

Face

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4
Q

What does viscerocranium surround?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, upper respiratory tract

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5
Q

What are the two parts of the neurocranium?

A

Chondrocranium and dermatocranium

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6
Q

What forms the base of the neurocranium?

A

Chondrocranium

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7
Q

How is chondrocranium formed?

A

Laid down first in cartilage then ossifies by endochondral ossification

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8
Q

What three portions of neurocranium form base of skull?

A

Occipital, temporal (petrous portion) and sphenoid bones.

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9
Q

What do ethmoids ossify from?

A

Cartilages of nasal capsule

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10
Q

What parts of skull does dermatocranium form?

A

Lateral and top parts of skull

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11
Q

How is dermatocranium formed?

A

Laid down as flat, plate like aggregations of bony spicules from mesenchyme.

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12
Q

Which bones make up dermatocranium?

A

Paired parietal and frontal bones as well as occipital bone (above nuchal line)

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13
Q

Where is anterior fontanelle located?

A

Junction of the two frontals and two parietals

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14
Q

When does anterior fontanelle close?

A

middle of 2nd year

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15
Q

Where is posterior fontanelle located?

A

Intersection of two parietals and single occipital bone.

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16
Q

When does posterior fontanelle close?

A

3 months after birth

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17
Q

What does membranous viscerocranium form from?

A

Mesenchyme

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18
Q

Which bones does viscerocranium form?

A

Zygomatic bones, maxillae, lacrimal, nasal, palatine and vomer.

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19
Q

What does viscerocranium develop from?

A

pharyngeal arches

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20
Q

How many pairs of pharyngeal pouches in embryo?

A

4 pairs of pouches

21
Q

How many pharyngeal grooves in embryo?

A

4 pairs of grooves

22
Q

What 3 structures are central to each arch?

A

Prominent artery (aortic arch), cranial nerve, central rod of cartilage

23
Q

What does 1st arch consist of?

A

Anterior maxillary process and posterior mandibular process

24
Q

What is the cartilage of the 1st arch?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

25
Q

Which jaw process is Meckel’s cartilage associated with?

A

mandibular process

26
Q

What does the upper part mandibular process of 1st arch become?

A

Malleus

27
Q

What does upper part of maxillary process of 1st arch become?

A

incus

28
Q

What happens to lower part of 1st arch become?

A

Nothing - disappears.

29
Q

What is 2nd arch called?

A

hyoid arch

30
Q

Upper end of hyoid (2nd arch) forms?

A

Stapes

31
Q

2nd arch also forms?

A

Styloid process

32
Q

Lower part of hyoid cartilage forms?

A

hyoid bone when fuses with 3rd cartilage, also stylohyoid ligament.

33
Q

1st arch derivatives are supplied by which nerve?

A

V, trigeminal nerve

34
Q

2nd arch derivatives are supplied by which nerve?

A

VII, facial nerve

35
Q

3rd arch derivatives are supplied by which nerve?

A

IX, glossopharyngeal nerve

36
Q

4th arch is supplied by which nerve?

A

X, vagus nerve

37
Q

1st arch muscle derivatives?

A

Muscles of mastication. Temporalis, masseter, medial/lateral pterygoids, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor palatine, tensor tympani

38
Q

What are 1st arch derivatives?

A

Incus, Meckel’s cartilage, malleus, sphenomandibular ligament, portion of mandible

39
Q

2nd arch muscle derivatives?

A

Muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius

40
Q

What are 2nd arch derivatives?

A

Stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper portion hyoid bone

41
Q

3rd arch muscle derivatives?

A

Stylopharyngeus

42
Q

What are 3rd arch derivatives?

A

Greater horn and lower portion of hyoid bone

43
Q

What are 4-6th arch muscle derivatives?

A

Levator palatine, 3 constrictors of pharynx, cricothyoid, cricopharynxgeus, intrinsic muscles of pharynx

44
Q

What are 4-6th arch derivatives?

A

laryngeal cartilages, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

45
Q

What is 1st groove derivative?

A

external auditory meatus

46
Q

What is 1st pouch derivative?

A

tympanic cavity and mastoid antrum, auditory tube

47
Q

What is 2nd groove derivative?

A

palatine tonsils

48
Q

What are 3rd-4th pouch derivatives?

A

Thymus, parathyoid glands.

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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