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BMS 150 > Embryology II > Flashcards

Embryology II Flashcards

Neurulation, Folding, and Development of the Nervous System

1
Q

After the notochordal process approaches the prechordal
plate, the floor of the process “fuses” with the endoderm it is now called ___

A

notochordal plate

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2
Q

what is the opening that allows communication between the amniotic cavity and the umbilical vesicle

A

neurenteric canal

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3
Q

the neurenteric canal is formed where the ____ opened into the notochordal canal

A

primitive pit

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4
Q

the notochordal plate progress to the ____

A

notochord

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5
Q

which direction does the notochord transition go from

A

cranially –> caudally

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6
Q

when is there no longer a neurenteric canal

A

after full development of the notochord

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7
Q

notochordal plate cells proliferate and fold
inwards, forming the fully-developed ___

A

notochord

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8
Q

The notochord is no longer a ___ canal

A

hollow

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9
Q

what is between the notochord and the umbilical vesicle

A

embryonic endoderm

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10
Q

the ectoderm above the notochord develops into ___

A

neural plate

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11
Q

what is the stop signal for notochord development anteriorly

A

prechordal plate

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12
Q

what develops into the oropharyngeal membrane

A

prechordal plate

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13
Q

what is special about the oropharyngeal and cloacal membranes

A

they only have ecto and endoderm layers

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14
Q

what does the cloacal membrane become

A

anus

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15
Q

Small, vascularized diverticulum (outpouching) from the caudal wall of umbilical vesicle, extending into connecting stalk

A

allantois

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16
Q

what day is the allantois formed

A

day 18

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17
Q

Allantois functions in development of what

A

early blood formation
bladder development
uranchus

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18
Q

what does the uranchus become in adults

A

median umbilical ligament

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19
Q

Notochord induces overlying ectoderm to form
the neural plate is what process

A

neurulation

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20
Q

what is special about neuroectodermal cells

A

tall and columnar

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21
Q

what does the neuroectoderm give rise to

A

CNS
retina
other tissues from neural crest

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22
Q

on day __ the neural plate invaginates to form the neural groove – neural folds are found on either side of the groove

A

18

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23
Q

the neural tube is formed by ____ fusing together

A

neural folds

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24
Q

the neural tube is primordium of what

A

CNS

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25
Q

when does neurulation end

A

when the tube is completely closed
end of week 4

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26
Q

which direction do the neural crest cells migrate

A

dorso-laterally

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27
Q

what CN ganglia do neural crest cells help develop

A

CN V, VII, IX, X

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28
Q

what NS do the neural crest cells help develop

A

Autonomic nervous system ganglia

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29
Q

neural crest cell derivatives form the _____ and ____ matter

A

arachnoid and pia

30
Q

melanocytes are derivatives of ___

A

neural crest cells

31
Q

craniofacial bone and cartilage are derivatives of ____ cells

A

neural crest

32
Q

Intraembryonic mesoderm proliferates to form a thick column of mesoderm on either side of the notochord beside the axis is called what

A

paraxial mesoderm

33
Q

cuboidal masses of mesoderm on either side of the notochord, visible along the dorso-lateral surface of the embryo on each side of the neural tube

A

somite

34
Q

somites give rise to:

A

axial skeleton, musculature and dermis of area

35
Q

cardiogenic mesoderm gives rise to __

A

embryonic heart primordia

36
Q

on day __ the embryonic heart primorda is formed

A

20

37
Q

primordium of _____ appears as isolated spaces in the lateral mesoderm and cardiogenic mesoderm

A

intraembryonic coelom

38
Q

what shape is the intraembryonic coelom formed into

A

single horseshoe

39
Q

what are the 2 layers that the intraembryonic coelom divides the lateral mesoderm into

A
  1. somatic /parietal layer
  2. splanchnic / visceral layer
40
Q

what layer of lateral mesoderm covers the amnion

A

somatic or parietal layer

41
Q

what layer of the lateral mesoderm covers the umbilical vesicle

A

splanchnic or visceral layer

42
Q

on day ___ the coelomic spaces are a continuous cavity

A

21

43
Q

the somatic mesoderm and the overlying ectoderm later forms the body wall

A

somatopleure

44
Q

the splanchnic mesoderm and the underlying intraembryonic endoderm later forms the embryonic gut

A

splanchnopleure

45
Q

what is between the somatopleure and splanchnopleure

A

intraembryonic coelom

46
Q

intraembryonic coelom develops into 3 main body cavities which are

A
  1. pericardial cavity
  2. pleural cavity
  3. peritoneal cavity
47
Q

The bilaminar embryonic disc is converted into a trilaminar embryonic disc during

A

gastrulation

48
Q

the ___ results from migration of epiblastic cells to the median plane of the disc

A

primitive streak

49
Q

Invagination of epiblastic cells from the primitive streak gives rise to mesenchymal cells that
migrate ventrally, laterally, and cranially between the

A

epiblast and hypoblast

50
Q

As soon as the primitive streak begins to produce mesenchymal cells, the epiblast is known as

A

embryonic ectoderm

51
Q

Some cells of the epiblast displace the hypoblast and form

A

embryonic endoderm

52
Q

the anterior and posterior ends of the embryo move ventrally. Also known as cranial-caudal folding

A

median plane

53
Q

the lateral edges of the embryonic disk move ventrally. Also known as lateral folding
* The edges “roll” ventrally towards the umbilical vesicle

A

horizontal folding

54
Q

when does embryonic folding occur

A

start in end of 3rd week see at 4th week

55
Q

As it folds ___, the brain vesicles first begin to
appear, and a few somites are obvious

A

cranially

56
Q

As it folds ___, the body wall is formed

A

laterally

57
Q

Part of the endoderm of the umbilical vesicle is incorporated into the embryo as the

A

foregut

58
Q

what is the foregut between

A

brain and heart

59
Q

the primordium of the mouth

A

stomedeum

60
Q

what separates the foregut form the stomodeum

A

oropharyngeal membrane

61
Q

develops into the central tendon of the diaphragm and separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity

A

spetum transversum

62
Q

the location of the heart changes based on what

A

head fold

63
Q

what is primordium of the umbilical cord

A

connecting stalk

64
Q

after lateral folding, the
connection between the midgut and umbilical
vesicle is reduced to an ___ duct

A

omphaloenteric duct

65
Q

connective tissue; cartilage; bone
* striated and smooth muscles; heart, blood, and lymphatic vessels; kidneys;
* ovaries; testes; genital ducts; serous membranes lining the body cavities (pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal); spleen; and cortex of suprarenal glands

A

mesoderm derivatives

66
Q

epithelial lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, parenchyma of the tonsils
* thyroid and parathyroid glands, thymus
* liver, and pancreas, epithelial lining of the urinary bladder and most of the urethra
* epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity, tympanic antrum, and eustachian tube

A

endoderm derivatives

67
Q

CNS, PNS; sensory epithelia of the eyes, ears, and nose
* epidermis and its appendages (hair and nails); mammary glands; subcutaneous glands; enamel of teeth; pituitary gland
* Neural crest cells – discussed previously

A

ectoderm derivatives

68
Q

on day __ the neural plate can be seen

A

19

69
Q

on day __ neurulation is complete with closure of neuropores

A

27

70
Q

on day __ the cranial 2/3 of the neural tube makes the brain and the caudal 1/3 makes the spinal cord

A

22

71
Q

The neural folds fuse at
the level of the ___ somite, proceeds cranially and
caudally

A

5th

72
Q
A

BMS 150 (2 decks)

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