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Embryology & Developmental Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

phenotype in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

A

Normal secondary sex characteristics
Normal Tanner stage

Agenesis or incomplete uterus, vagina, or both

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2
Q

karyotype in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome

A

46XX

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3
Q

when does organogenesis occur

A

wks 3-8

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4
Q

other name for Wolfian duct

A

mesonephric duct

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5
Q

other name for Mullerian duct

A

paramesonephric duct

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6
Q

ureteral bud turns into

A

ureters, renal pelvis, and calycesme

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7
Q

metanephric mass becomes

A

functional nephrons

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8
Q

what drains into the cloaca

A

ureteric bud and mesonephric duct

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9
Q

what is the cloaca

A

the termination of the urogenital and GI tracts

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10
Q

where does the cloaca come from

A

the allantois

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11
Q

what is the allantois

A

diverticulum of the yolk sac past the caudal end of the embryo

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12
Q

what is the cloaca divided into

A

urorectal septum divides it into urogenital sinus and anorectal canal

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13
Q

what does urogenital sinus become

A

bladder, urethra, vagina

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14
Q

what does the allantois become

A

urachus > median umbilical ligament

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15
Q

when does gonadal development start

A

5 wks

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16
Q

when are there 100K egg/sperm cells

A

6wks gestational (germ cells)

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16
Q

what are gonads derived from

A

Coelomic (germinal) epithelium
Underlying mesenchyme
Primordial germ cells

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17
Q

where to germ cells originate

A

wall of the yolk sac

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18
Q

What do primary sex cords become

A

seminiferous tubules in males,
vestiges in females

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19
Q

when is undifferentiated gonad complete

A

by 7th week

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20
Q

what are the two genital tracts

A

2 Wolfian (mesonephric) ducts
2 mullerian (paramesonephric ducts)

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21
Q

where do paramesonephric ducts come from

A

From invagination of coelomic epithelium on lateral aspect of mesonephros.

Bud hollows to form an open duct

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22
Q

what gene determines gonad differentiation

A

SRY gene on Y chromosone (sex-determining region Y) that codes for TDF (testis determining factor)

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23
Q

when does gonad differentiation occur

A

testis at 4-6wks if TDF present

ovary at 6-8wks if TDF absent

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24
when do you have max number of germ cells in life
20wks development (22wga) have 6-7 million
25
when do primordial follicles form
16-20wks development (18-22wga)
26
components of primordial follicle
1o oocyte arrested in prophase of first meiotic division Single layer of follicular cells (from sex cord) – Pre-granulosa cells Loose outer layer of mesenchyme – Pre-theca cells
27
how many oocytes at birth
1-2million
28
how many oocytes at puberty
300K
29
what drives differentiation of mullerian ducts
Mullerian inhibiting factor
30
when does differentiation of mullerian ducts occur
8wks
31
what does mullerian duct become
if no MIF by 8wks, fuse to form uterovaginal canal > becomes uterus and upper part of vagina
32
upper part of mullerian duct becomes
epithelium and glands of endomterium
33
where does endometrial stroma and myometrium come from
surrounding mesenchymal girdle
34
unfused segments of mullerian ducts become
fallopian tube with fimbriae
35
cyst of morgagni is remnant of
mullerian duct (part that didn't get incorporated into tube)
36
caudal inguinal ligament becomes
uteroovarian and round ligaments
37
cranial inguinal ligament becomes
IP
38
what cretes the borad ligament
urogenital mesentery meet as a result of fusion of the Mullerian ducts
39
where do gartner's ducts come from
regression of Wolfian ducts in absence of androgens
40
interruption of mullerian duct fusion can result in:
Uterus didelphys Bicornuate uterus Arcuate uterus
41
If midline septum fails to degenerate, leads to
septate uterus
42
If one Mullerian duct fails to form or becomes atretic, leads to
unicornuate uterus or bicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn
43
how is vagina formed
upper 1/3 mullerian ducts (canalized) lower 2/3 urogenital sinus
44
imperforate hymen caused by
failure of resorption of hymen failure of canalization of vagina
45
what results from incomplete canalization
double vagina
46
what causes formation of testis
Testes determining factor (TDF) produced from SRY gene
47
composition of sex cords
spermatogonia supporting cellsw
48
what produces mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF)
supporting cells (Sertoli)
49
epididymis comes from
Upper Wolfian duct adjacent to testis becomes elongated and convoluted
50
ductus deferens comes from
Remainder of Wolfian duct developes a thick muscular coat
51
what becomes penis or clitoris
genital tubercle
52
what androgen is needed to form male genitalia
DHT (dihydrotestosterone) 5-a reductase (enzyme) turns testosterone into DHT
53
5-a reductase deficiency can lead to
- unable to produce DHT - External genitalia will be female (depends on DHT) - Blind vaginal pouch - Internal genitalia will be male (depends on testosterone) - At puberty, external genitalia sensitive to testosterone so they'll have virilization
54
analogy of skene glands in men
prostate gland
55
when does external genitalia differentiation occur
end of 3rd month
56
female remnant of gubernaculum
round ligament & uteroovarian ligaments
57
what is processus vaginalis
when peritoneum invaginates, it follows gubernaculum and enters scrotum creating processus vaginalis -- forms inguinal canal
58
what is hydrocele
fluid trapped inside processus vaginalis
59
if processus vaginalis remains patent
- congenital inguinal hernia - normally obliterates near birth
60
what induces wolffian duct development
testosterone
61
umbilical cord comes from
body stalk
62
erm cells come from
yolk sac
63
umbilical vessels come from
allantois
64
urinary bladder comes from
urogenital sinus
65
gartner's duct comes from
wolffian (mesonephric) duct

CREOGS (12 decks)

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