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AU13 Anatomy Final > Embryology; Development of Face/Nose/Ear > Flashcards

Embryology; Development of Face/Nose/Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The posterior-most portion of the seconday palate does not ossify, it extends posteriorly to form the _____ _____ and _____

A

soft palate

uvula

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2
Q

True or False

The cleft lip can only occur unilaterally

A

False; it can occur unilateral, bilateral, or at the midline

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2
Q

The perilymphatic space has 2 divisions; the _____ ____ and the _____ _____; both are filled with perilymph

A

scala vestbuli

scala tympani

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2
Q

The 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches form the _____ _____

A

auditory vessicles

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3
Q

At the end of month 3, the 1st ____ _____ appears

A

ossification center (in the skull)

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4
Q

The prominences from due to proliferation of _____ _____, mainly from the 1st pharyngeal arches and from _____ _____ at level of midbrain and rostral hindbrain

A

neural crest

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4
Q

The external ear developes from _____ ______: mesenchymal proliferations surrounding the 1st pharyngeal groove (as the mandible develops, these shift towards eye level)

A

auricular hillocks

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5
Q

All of the sinuses except for the _______ develop ______ birth

A

maxillary

after

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5
Q

The intermaxillary segment consits of the _____ of upper lip (labial component), the _______ part of the maxilla (upper jaw component), and the _______ ______

A

philtrum

premaxillary

primary palate

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6
Q

The saccular regions consists of the ______ and _____ ______

A

saccule

cochlear ducts

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7
Q

The nasallacrimal groove is lost when the _____ nasal prominences fuse with the _______ prominences so that the sides of the nose are continuous with the upper cheeks

A

lateral

maxillary

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8
Q

The _____ ______ growns out as an extension from saccular region and coils to from the membraneous ______

A

cochlear duct

cochlea

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9
Q

During the fetal period, the cranium expands to accompany growing brain, which causes eyes to shift ______ and _______

A

anteriorly and medially

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10
Q

The ectoderm of the otic placodes invaginates in each placode, forming an ____ ___, the edges of which pinch off to form an _____ ____ that separates surface ectoderm; it will become the _____ _______ for each ear

A

otic pit

otic vesicle

membranous labrynith

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10
Q

The 1st pharyngeal pouch expands as the _____ ______ and gives rise to the ________ tube, _____ cavity, _______ antrum, and the ______ of tympanic membrane

A

tubotympanic recess

Eustachian (pharyngotympaic)

tympanic

mastoid

ectoderm

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11
Q

Both nasal pits deepen and expand _____ into _____ ____, which will form the right and left nasal cavities

A

dorsally

nasal sacs

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12
Q

At first, a cleft exists vetween the lateral nasal prominences and the maxillary prominences; this is the __________ ________

A

nasolacrimal groove

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12
Q

The _____ ______ _____ marks where lateral palatine processes fused together

A

median palatine rahpe

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13
Q

Nasal cavities are separated from oral cavity by ______ _____ membrane, which ruptures at week___; the oral and nasal cavities now in communication through ______ ________

A

oronsal membrane

6

primordial choanae

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13
Q

Ectoderm proliferates (in the nasolacrimal groove) into underlying mesenchyme and forms a solid rod that separetes the surface and calalizes to become the ______ ______

A

nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

In week __, two plates of mesenchyme the ____ ______ processes, extend medially to from the maxillary prominences

A

lateral palatine

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14
Q

True or False
As the maxillary prominences grow in size and move medially, they compress the medial nasal cavity away from the midline

A

False; they compress the medial nasal prominences TOWARD midline

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15
Q

The primary palate and anterior portion of the secondary palate will ossift forming the _____ _____

A

hard palate

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16
Q

During month 3 the facial features become even more ______, the eyes move ______, the ears move _______, the _______ reaching proportional size to the rest of the body

A

pronounced

medially

superiorly

limbs

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17
Q

A ____ ____ is a posterior palatal defect caused by failure of lateral palatine processes to fuse

A

cleft palate

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18
Q

The otic vesicle can be divided into two regions; the ______ region (dorsal) and the ________ region (ventral)

A

utricular

saccular

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20
Q

The ________ prominences (2) extend lateral to stomodeum

A

maxillary

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21
Q

Cell bodies of CN ____ migrate along coils of cochlear duct and form the ____ ____

A

VIII

spiral ganglion

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22
Q

The _________ extends from otic vesicle to form the ___________ duct and sac

A

diverticulum

endolymphatic

23
Q

The epithelium of nasal placodes sinks down into underlying ________ to form depressions called _____ ______, the also appear to sink in due to the surrounding elevations (medial/lateral nasal prominences)

A

mesenchyme

nasal pits (the future nostrils)

23
Q

True or False

There are cleft lips which can extend to the nose, cleft jaws which split the maxilla between the lateral incisor and canine, and clefts between the primary and secondary palatss

A

True

25
Q

The 5 facial primordia form during week ___?

A

4

25
Q

The inner ear develops as a bilateral thickening in surface ectoderm at the level of the caudal hindbrain called the _____ ______ (2)

A

otic placodes

27
Q

True or False
The maxillary prominences fuse before the mandibular prominences

A

False; the mandibular priminences fuse at the midline before the maxillary

29
Q

At day 28 the _________ prominences fuse together

A

mandibular

30
Q

True or False

Cleft palate can arise due to lateral palatine processes fail to grow, failure of them to fuse, or by micrognathia (insufficient room in oral cavity for tongue to drop, therefore disrutping palate fusion)

A

True

31
Q

Palatine processes project___________, then swing upwards to assume the horizontal position, and fuse with each other, the primary palate, and nasal septum

A

inferomedially

33
Q

The proportions of the facial skeletal become more normal once the _____ and ______ grow

A

maxilla and mandible

34
Q

The cartilage surrounding the cochlear duct ossifies to form the _____ _____ encasing the inner ear structures

A

bony labyrinth

35
Q

The remainder of the hard palate and the soft palate + uvula make up the _______ _____

A

secondary palate

36
Q

An anterior palatal defect caused by failure of medial nasal promiences to fuse with maxillary prominences on one or both sides; can result is ______ _____

A

cleft lip/upper jaw

37
Q

At the end of week 4, two ectodermal thickenings devlop within frontonasal prominence; the _____ _____

A

nasal placodes

38
Q

True or False

A cleft palate is more common in males

A

False; it is more common in women

39
Q

Cells in the walls of the coiled choclear duct form the _____ _____ of _____

A

spiral organ of Corti

41
Q

Nasal ______ develop from lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

conchae

42
Q

With development of secondary palate, we have definite _____ separating nasal cavities from nasopharynx

A

choanae

43
Q

Most of the facial structures develop during weeks ____-____

A

4-8

44
Q

These develop as bulging prominences around the stomodeum

A

5 facial primordia

45
Q

The __________ prominence (1) extends from rostral to stomoedum

A

frontonasal

46
Q

During the fetal priod, the ears begin to move _____

A

superiorly

47
Q

A thickening of _______ develops in the floor of the lasolacrimal groove

A

ectoderm

49
Q

Roof of nasal cavity is invaded by specialied cells that frown out of _______ (________) to form _______ epithelium

A

forebrain (neuroectoderm)

olfactory

50
Q

The formation of the palate takes place in weeks ____-____

A

6-12

52
Q

During the fetal period, the nose becomes more ______

A

prominent

53
Q

The 1st pharyngeal groove forms the _____ _____ _____

A

external acoutsic meatus

54
Q

The primary palate froms from a fusion of the _____ _____ prominences an the secondary palate forms from the fusion of the ______ _____ processe

A

medial nasal

lateral palatine

55
Q

When the medial nasal prominences fuse (early in week __) they from the ______ ______

A

6

intermaxillary segment

56
Q

The 1st pharyngeal arches extend to form the _______ and ________ prominences

A

maxillary and mandibular

57
Q

The _______ ______ marks where secondary palate fuses with primary palate; it is used to indicate anterior and posterior palatal defects

A

incisive canal

58
Q

The stomodeum is the precursor to the _______

A

mouth

59
Q

Surface ectoderm invaginates with 1st pharyngeal groove and meets endoderm extension of 1st pharyngeal pouch to form 1st pharyngeal membrane = ______ _______

A

tympanic membrane

61
Q

The _____ ear in the first to develop in week ___

A

inner

4

62
Q

_________ surrounding the nasal placodes proliferates, froming elevations

A

mesenchyme

63
Q

The __________ prominences (2) extend caudual to stomodeum

A

mandibular

65
Q

The rostral hindbrain extends to from the ________ prominence

A

frontonasal

66
Q

The primary palate consits of the most ______ portion of the ______ palate

A

anterior

hard

67
Q

Vacuoles develop in cartilage surrounding the cochlear duct and unite to from the ______ ______

A

perilymphatic space

68
Q

There are _____ medial and _____ lateral nasal promienences

A

two for each

69
Q

The utricular region consists of the _____ and _____ _____

A

utricle

semicircular ducts

70
Q

True or False

A cleft in the soft palate is more severe than a cleft in the hard and soft palate

A

False: a cleft in the hard and soft palate is more severe

71
Q

The superior end of the nasolacrimal duct dilates to form the _______ _____, and the inferior end opens up into _____ _____ of nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal sac

inferior meatus

AU13 Anatomy Final (9 decks)

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