Embryology; Development of Face/Nose/Ear

Question 1

The posterior-most portion of the seconday palate does not ossify, it extends posteriorly to form the _____ _____ and _____

Answer 1

soft palate

uvula

Question 2

True or False

The cleft lip can only occur unilaterally

Answer 2

False; it can occur unilateral, bilateral, or at the midline

Question 2

The perilymphatic space has 2 divisions; the _____ ____ and the _____ _____; both are filled with perilymph

Answer 2

scala vestbuli

scala tympani

Question 2

The 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches form the _____ _____

Answer 2

auditory vessicles

Question 3

At the end of month 3, the 1st ____ _____ appears

Answer 3

ossification center (in the skull)

Question 4

The prominences from due to proliferation of _____ _____, mainly from the 1st pharyngeal arches and from _____ _____ at level of midbrain and rostral hindbrain

Answer 4

neural crest

Question 4

The external ear developes from _____ ______: mesenchymal proliferations surrounding the 1st pharyngeal groove (as the mandible develops, these shift towards eye level)

Answer 4

auricular hillocks

Question 5

All of the sinuses except for the _______ develop ______ birth

Answer 5

maxillary

after

Question 5

The intermaxillary segment consits of the _____ of upper lip (labial component), the _______ part of the maxilla (upper jaw component), and the _______ ______

Answer 5

philtrum

premaxillary

primary palate

Question 6

The saccular regions consists of the ______ and _____ ______

Answer 6

saccule

cochlear ducts

Question 7

The nasallacrimal groove is lost when the _____ nasal prominences fuse with the _______ prominences so that the sides of the nose are continuous with the upper cheeks

Answer 7

lateral

maxillary

Question 8

The _____ ______ growns out as an extension from saccular region and coils to from the membraneous ______

Answer 8

cochlear duct

cochlea

Question 9

During the fetal period, the cranium expands to accompany growing brain, which causes eyes to shift ______ and _______

Answer 9

anteriorly and medially

Question 10

The ectoderm of the otic placodes invaginates in each placode, forming an ____ ___, the edges of which pinch off to form an _____ ____ that separates surface ectoderm; it will become the _____ _______ for each ear

Answer 10

otic pit

otic vesicle

membranous labrynith

Question 10

The 1st pharyngeal pouch expands as the _____ ______ and gives rise to the ________ tube, _____ cavity, _______ antrum, and the ______ of tympanic membrane

Answer 10

tubotympanic recess

Eustachian (pharyngotympaic)

tympanic

mastoid

ectoderm

Question 11

Both nasal pits deepen and expand _____ into _____ ____, which will form the right and left nasal cavities

Answer 11

dorsally

nasal sacs

Question 12

At first, a cleft exists vetween the lateral nasal prominences and the maxillary prominences; this is the __________ ________

Answer 12

nasolacrimal groove

Question 12

The _____ ______ _____ marks where lateral palatine processes fused together

Answer 12

median palatine rahpe

Question 13

Nasal cavities are separated from oral cavity by ______ _____ membrane, which ruptures at week___; the oral and nasal cavities now in communication through ______ ________

Answer 13

oronsal membrane

6

primordial choanae

Question 13

Ectoderm proliferates (in the nasolacrimal groove) into underlying mesenchyme and forms a solid rod that separetes the surface and calalizes to become the ______ ______

Answer 13

nasolacrimal duct

Question 13

In week __, two plates of mesenchyme the ____ ______ processes, extend medially to from the maxillary prominences

Answer 13

lateral palatine

Question 14

True or False
As the maxillary prominences grow in size and move medially, they compress the medial nasal cavity away from the midline

Answer 14

False; they compress the medial nasal prominences TOWARD midline

Question 15

The primary palate and anterior portion of the secondary palate will ossift forming the _____ _____

Answer 15

hard palate

Question 16

During month 3 the facial features become even more ______, the eyes move ______, the ears move _______, the _______ reaching proportional size to the rest of the body

Answer 16

pronounced

medially

superiorly

limbs

Question 17

A ____ \_\_\_\_ is a posterior palatal defect caused by failure of lateral palatine processes to fuse

Answer 17

cleft palate

Question 18

The otic vesicle can be divided into two regions; the ______ region (dorsal) and the ________ region (ventral)

Answer 18

utricular saccular

Question 20

The ________ prominences (2) extend lateral to stomodeum

Answer 20

maxillary

Question 21

Cell bodies of CN ____ migrate along coils of cochlear duct and form the ____ \_\_\_\_

Answer 21

VIII spiral ganglion

Question 22

The _________ extends from otic vesicle to form the ___________ duct and sac

Answer 22

diverticulum endolymphatic

Question 23

The epithelium of nasal placodes sinks down into underlying ________ to form depressions called _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_, the also appear to sink in due to the surrounding elevations (medial/lateral nasal prominences)

Answer 23

mesenchyme nasal pits (the future nostrils)

Question 23

True or False There are cleft lips which can extend to the nose, cleft jaws which split the maxilla between the lateral incisor and canine, and clefts between the primary and secondary palatss

Answer 23

True

Question 25

The 5 facial primordia form during week \_\_\_?

Answer 25

4

Question 25

The inner ear develops as a bilateral thickening in surface ectoderm at the level of the caudal hindbrain called the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ (2)

Answer 25

otic placodes

Question 27

True or False The maxillary prominences fuse before the mandibular prominences

Answer 27

False; the mandibular priminences fuse at the midline before the maxillary

Question 29

At day 28 the _________ prominences fuse together

Answer 29

mandibular

Question 30

True or False Cleft palate can arise due to lateral palatine processes fail to grow, failure of them to fuse, or by micrognathia (insufficient room in oral cavity for tongue to drop, therefore disrutping palate fusion)

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Palatine processes project\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, then swing upwards to assume the horizontal position, and fuse with each other, the primary palate, and nasal septum

Answer 31

inferomedially

Question 33

The proportions of the facial skeletal become more normal once the _____ and ______ grow

Answer 33

maxilla and mandible

Question 34

The cartilage surrounding the cochlear duct ossifies to form the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ encasing the inner ear structures

Answer 34

bony labyrinth

Question 35

The remainder of the hard palate and the soft palate + uvula make up the _______ \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

secondary palate

Question 36

An anterior palatal defect caused by failure of medial nasal promiences to fuse with maxillary prominences on one or both sides; can result is ______ \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 36

cleft lip/upper jaw

Question 37

At the end of week 4, two ectodermal thickenings devlop within frontonasal prominence; the _____ \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

nasal placodes

Question 38

True or False A cleft palate is more common in males

Answer 38

False; it is more common in women

Question 39

Cells in the walls of the coiled choclear duct form the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ of \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 39

spiral organ of Corti

Question 41

Nasal ______ develop from lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Answer 41

conchae

Question 42

With development of secondary palate, we have definite _____ separating nasal cavities from nasopharynx

Answer 42

choanae

Question 43

Most of the facial structures develop during weeks \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_

Answer 43

4-8

Question 44

These develop as bulging prominences around the stomodeum

Answer 44

5 facial primordia

Question 45

The __________ prominence (1) extends from rostral to stomoedum

Answer 45

frontonasal

Question 46

During the fetal priod, the ears begin to move \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

superiorly

Question 47

A thickening of _______ develops in the floor of the lasolacrimal groove

Answer 47

ectoderm

Question 49

Roof of nasal cavity is invaded by specialied cells that frown out of _______ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) to form _______ epithelium

Answer 49

forebrain (neuroectoderm) olfactory

Question 50

The formation of the palate takes place in weeks \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_

Answer 50

6-12

Question 52

During the fetal period, the nose becomes more \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 52

prominent

Question 53

The 1st pharyngeal groove forms the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 53

external acoutsic meatus

Question 54

The primary palate froms from a fusion of the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ prominences an the secondary palate forms from the fusion of the ______ \_\_\_\_\_ processe

Answer 54

medial nasal lateral palatine

Question 55

When the medial nasal prominences fuse (early in week \_\_) they from the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 55

6 intermaxillary segment

Question 56

The 1st pharyngeal arches extend to form the _______ and ________ prominences

Answer 56

maxillary and mandibular

Question 57

The _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ marks where secondary palate fuses with primary palate; it is used to indicate anterior and posterior palatal defects

Answer 57

incisive canal

Question 58

The stomodeum is the precursor to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 58

mouth

Question 59

Surface ectoderm invaginates with 1st pharyngeal groove and meets endoderm extension of 1st pharyngeal pouch to form 1st pharyngeal membrane = ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 59

tympanic membrane

Question 61

The _____ ear in the first to develop in week \_\_\_

Answer 61

inner 4

Question 62

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ surrounding the nasal placodes proliferates, froming elevations

Answer 62

mesenchyme

Question 63

The __________ prominences (2) extend caudual to stomodeum

Answer 63

mandibular

Question 65

The rostral hindbrain extends to from the ________ prominence

Answer 65

frontonasal

Question 66

The primary palate consits of the most ______ portion of the ______ palate

Answer 66

anterior hard

Question 67

Vacuoles develop in cartilage surrounding the cochlear duct and unite to from the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 67

perilymphatic space

Question 68

There are _____ medial and _____ lateral nasal promienences

Answer 68

two for each

Question 69

The utricular region consists of the _____ and _____ \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 69

utricle semicircular ducts

Question 70

True or False A cleft in the soft palate is more severe than a cleft in the hard and soft palate

Answer 70

False: a cleft in the hard and soft palate is more severe

Question 71

The superior end of the nasolacrimal duct dilates to form the _______ \_\_\_\_\_, and the inferior end opens up into _____ \_\_\_\_\_ of nasal cavity

Answer 71

nasolacrimal sac inferior meatus