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renal system > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the adult urinary system?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureter
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
  • Blood supply
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2
Q

What are the components of the kidney?

A
  • Nephron
  • Collecting duct
  • Calyces and pelvis
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3
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm form?

A

Somites

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4
Q

What does the intermediate plate mesoderm form?

A

Urogenital system (kidneys and repro)

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5
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm form?

A

Body cavity and coverings

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6
Q

What position does the intermediate mesoderm take?

A

Retroperitoneal

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7
Q

What is the allantois?

A

An out pouching of endoderm at the hindgut that extends into the body stalk

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8
Q

What does the body stalk later form?

A

Umbilical cord

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9
Q

Cloaca

A

The cloaca is the single posterior opening for a bird’s digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts and is used to expel faeces and lay eggs.

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10
Q

What does the cloaca divide to form?

A
  • Posteriorly rectum (GIT)

- Anteriorly the urogenital sinus

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11
Q

What doe the mesonephric duct drain into?

A

Urogenital sinus

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12
Q

What does the urogenital sinus later form?

A

Urinary bladder and its caudal end forms the urethra

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13
Q

How many sets of kidneys develop during nephrogenesis?

A

3 sets of kidneys develop sequentially

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14
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm in the neck region become early in the 4th week?

A

Pronephros

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15
Q

What is the pronephros made up of?

A

Pronephric duct and rudimentary pronephric tubules

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16
Q

What does the pronephric duct drain into?

A

Cloaca

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17
Q

What happens to the pronephros?

A

It mainly degenerates by week 5

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18
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm in the trunk region become late in the 4th week?

A

Mesonephros

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19
Q

What does the pronephric duct become?

A

Mesonephric duct

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20
Q

What drains into the mesonephric duct?

A

Mesonephric tubules

21
Q

When does the metanephros start to develop?

A

About week 5

22
Q

When does the metanephros start to function?

A

About week 9

23
Q

What does the metanephros consist of?

A
  • A ureteric bud that develops off the mesonephric duct

- Metanephric mesoderm (the most caudal part of the intermediate mesoderm)

24
Q

What happens to the mesonephros?

A

Much of the mesonephros will be incorporated into the developing gonad

25
Q

What do undifferentiated cells from the yolk sac migrate to form?

A

Spermatogonia/oogonia

26
Q

What becomes the rete testis?

A

Mesonephric tubules

27
Q

What becomes the vas deferens?

A

Mesonephric duct

28
Q

What happens to the mesnephros in females?

A

In females the mesnephros becomes the ovary

29
Q

What happens to the mesonephric duct in females?

A

The tubules and mesonephric duct degenerate

30
Q

What happens to the ureteric bud at its distal end?

A

Undergoes repeated branching

31
Q

What does the stalk of the ureteric bud become?

A

Ureter

32
Q

What does the expanded cranial end of the ureteric bud become?

A

Renal pelvis

33
Q

What do the first 4 generations of branches of the ureteric bud become?

A

Major calyces

34
Q

What forms the minor calyces?

A

Generations 5-8 of the branches of the ureteric bud

35
Q

What forms the collecting tubules?

A

The remaining branches (ones that haven’t formed the calyces) of the ureteric bud

36
Q

What reciprocally induce each other?

A

Ureteric bud and the metanephric mesoderm

37
Q

What are the components of a nephron?

A
  • Renal corpuscle
  • Proximal collecting tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal collecting tubule
38
Q

What are the components of a uriniferous tubule?

A
  • Nephron

- Collecting duct

39
Q

What does the nephron develop from?

A

Metanephric mesoderm

40
Q

What do the collecting duct, calyces, pelvis and ureter develop from?

A

Ureteric bud

41
Q

Where do the kidneys initially lie?

A

Kidneys initially lie on either side of the bladder and in the developing pelvis

42
Q

Why do the kidneys ‘ascend’ into the abdomen?

A

Mainly due to differential growth of lower body inferiorly away from kidneys

43
Q

What is the final vertebral level of the kidneys?

A

T12-L3

44
Q

How does the hilum of the kidney rotate?

A

From ventral to medial through 90 degrees

45
Q

When does ascent of the kidneys stop?

A

When they come into contact with the adrenal glands

46
Q

What happens alongside the ascent of the kidneys?

A

Segmental breakdown and reform of vascular supply

47
Q

What anomalies may occur during development?

A
  • Double ureters
  • Abnormal sites of ureter opening
  • Congenital polycystic kidneys
  • Aberrant renal arteries
  • Lobulated kidney
  • Transposition of kidney
  • Horseshow kidney
  • Pancake kidney
48
Q

How long does the mesonephros function as the kidneys?

A

Approx 4 weeks

renal system (26 decks)

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