Embryology

Question 1

What is the initial step in the development of the reproductive tracts?

Answer 1

Primordial germ cells migrate along retroperitoneum to the gonad at the urogenital ridge

Question 2

Which part of the gonad develops in the female and male foetus?

Answer 2

Male- medulla=testes

Female- cortex=ovaries

Question 3

What hormone released from testes inhibits paramesonephric ducts?

Answer 3

Mullerian inhibiting hormone

Question 4

The presence of what hormones cause fusion of external genitalia?

Answer 4

Androgens

Question 5

From which region of the embryo do the primordial germ cells arise?

Answer 5

The yolk sac

Question 6

Which hormone is measured to test for pregnancy?

Answer 6

Beta-HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin)

Question 7

Which cells secrete HCG?

Answer 7

Syncytiotrophoblasts

Question 8

When is HCG first measurable in urine?

Answer 8

2 weeks after implantation

Question 9

What are the main histological changes in the placenta from 1st to 3rd term of pregnancy?

Answer 9

Thinning of the placental barrier by thinning of the syncytiotrophoblast layer and disappearance of the cytotrophoblast layer

Question 10

What class of antibodies readily cross the placenta?

Answer 10

IgG

Question 11

By what transport mechanism do antibodies cross the placenta?

Answer 11

Receptor mediated pinocytosis