Embryology

Question 1

What is a Bicornuate Uterus?

Answer 1

Incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts at uterine apex, causing two uterine horns opening into a single Vagina

High risk in pregnancy (miscarriage and premature delivery)

Question 2

What is Turner’s Syndrome?

Answer 2

45, X

Primordial Germ Cells fail to induce follicular development, degenerating to nothing by toddlerhood

Question 3

Give four presentations of Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 3

Webbed Neck
High Arched Palate
Infantile Genitalia
Developmental Delay

Question 4

What is a Unicorneate Uterus?

Answer 4

Failure of one of the Müllerian ducts to form

Can get an incomplete horn - may be cavitated/obstructed causing episodic menstruation pain, or if embryo implants there can cause uterine rupture

Question 5

What is Uterus Didelphys?

Answer 5

Müllerian ducts completely fail to fuse resulting in two separate tracts entering a septate Vagina

Question 6

What is a Septate Uterus?

Answer 6

Müllerian ducts fuse but walls fail to disintegrate

Question 7

Describe the Pre- Antral phase of follicular development

Answer 7

Follicular cells proliferate to form Granulosa

Granulosa cells secrete glycoproteins to form Zona Pellucida

Surrounding CT becomes Theca Cells, releasing androgens in response to LH

Question 8

Describe the Antral phase of follicular development

Answer 8

Fluid filled spaces between Granulosa coalesce to form antrum

Now secondary follicles

Question 9

Describe the Pre- Ovulatory stage of follicular development

Answer 9

Induced by LH surge

Meiosis I is completed and Meiosis II is arrested in metaphase

Question 10

How is an egg released from Graafian Follicle?

Answer 10

LH surge weakens follicle wall, via increasing collegenase activity and contractions