Embryology Flashcards
What do the 5 ethmoturbinals develop into?
1: agger nasi and uncinate process
2: middle turbinate
3: superior turbinate
4+5: supreme turbinate
What do the 3 ethmoid furrows develop into?
1: frontal recess (ascending), hiatus semilunaris, middle meatus, ethmoid infundibulum (descending)
2: superior meatus
3: supreme meatus
What do the 4 frontal furrows develop into?
1- agger nasi
2 - frontal sinus
3+4 - anterior ethmoid cells
Which sinus is the first to develop?
Maxillary
Which sinus is last to develop?
Frontal
Which sinus is most developed at birth?
Ethmoid
When do sphenoids start and finish pneumatization?
Start at 6, finish at 12
When does the mastoid process develop and in which direction is the facial nerve displaced by its development?
1-3 years of age. Facial nerve is displaced medial and inferior
Congenital abnormalities arising from the ____ branchial arch (eg _____’s Cartilage) raise suspicion for variation in the course of facial nerve.
Second; Reichert’s
Hillocks of His - what do they become?
1- tragus; 2- helical crus; 3- helix; 4- antihelical crus; 5-antihelix; 6- antitragus & lobule
What branchial arch gives rise to the stapedial artery? the aortic arch? the ductus arteriosus?
second; left fourth; left sixth
A right retroesophageal subclavian artery is a defect of which branchial arch? What vessel does a right retroesophageal subclavian arise from? When symptomatic, what is this called?
right fourth; dorsal aorta; dysphagia lusorum
Where do the superior and inferior parathyroids arise from?
superior - 4th pouch, inferior - 3rd pouch
Where do the cutaneous openings of a branchial cleft fistula/sinus open relative to the SCM?
anterior
Which branchial arch gives rise to the styloid? The stylohyoid? The stylopharyngeus?
second; second; third
Which branchial arch gives rise to tensor tympani? The stapedial tendon?
second; third
Which branchial arch gives rise to the cricothyroid muscle? The cricopharyngeus? The cricoid?
fourth; fourth; sixth
What embryological structure gives rise to the SCM?
cervical somites
What embryological structure gives rise to adenoids?
subepithelial lymphocytes
What branchial structure gives rise to the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands?
first pouch
At what cervical level does the infant larynx sit? Adult larynx?
C2-C3; C5
Describe grading system for microtia / atresia (not Jaersdoerfer)?
Microtia: I- mild deformity; 2- cartilage framework issues; 3- peanut/soft tissue; 4- anotia.
Atresia: I-EAC/ossicles present but deformed, facial nerve abnormal; 2- atresia + middle ear abnormalities; 3- middle + inner ear abnormalities, 4-severe inner ear
Embryologic origin of thyroglossal duct cyst involves failure of closure of this structure.
foramen cecum
