Embryology

Question 1

Gives rise to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 1

Truncus arteriosus

Question 2

Gives rise to smooth parts of left and right ventricles

Answer 2

Bulbus cordis

Question 3

Gives rise to atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves

Answer 3

Endocardial cushions

Question 4

Gives rise to the trabeculated part of left and right atria

Answer 4

Primitive atrium

Question 5

Gives rise to trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

Answer 5

Primitive ventricles

Question 6

Gives rise to the smooth part of left atrium

Answer 6

Primitive pulmonary vein

Question 7

Gives rise to coronary sinus

Answer 7

Left horn of sinus venosus

Question 8

Gives rise to smooth part of right atrium

Answer 8

Right horn of sinus venosus

Question 9

Gives rise to superior vena cava

Answer 9

Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein

Question 10

Gestational age heart begins to beat

Answer 10

4th week

Question 11

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 11

Kartagener syndrome

Question 12

Protein involved in left-right polarity, when defective leads to dextrocardia

Answer 12

Dynein

Question 13

Structures that fuse to form atrial septum

Answer 13

Septum primum and septum secundum

Question 14

Structure that maintains right-to-left shunt during heart development

Answer 14

Foramen secundum

Question 15

Causes foramen ovale to close soon after birth

Answer 15

Increased left atrial pressure

Question 16

Caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth

Answer 16

Patent foramen ovale

Question 17

Consequence of patent foramen ovale seen in ASD

Answer 17

Paradoxical emboli

Question 18

First septum to form in ventricles

Answer 18

Muscular interventricular septum

Question 19

Most common congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in membranous septum

Answer 19

VSD

Question 20

Separates atria from ventricles and contributes to atrial and ventricular septation

Answer 20

Growth of endocardial cushions

Question 21

Rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum to form membranous interventricular septum, closing interventricular foramen

Answer 21

Aorticopulmonary septum

Question 22

Heart valves derived from fused endocardial cushions of the AV canal

Answer 22

Mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 23

Part of allantoic duct between bladder and umbilicus

Answer 23

Urachus

Question 24

Adult structure derived from allantois

Answer 24

Median umbilical ligament

Question 25

Adult structure derived from ductus arteriosus

Answer 25

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 26

Adult structure derived from ductus venosus

Answer 26

Ligamentum venosum

Question 27

Adult structure derived from notochord

Answer 27

Nucleus pulposus

Question 28

Adult structure derived from umbilical arteries

Answer 28

Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 29

Adult structure derived from umbilical vein

Answer 29

Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

Question 30

Structure contained in falciform ligament

Answer 30

Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres hepatis)

Question 31

Embryonic structure that bypasses hepatic circulation

Answer 31

ductus venosus

Question 32

Embryonic vessel with highest O2 saturation

Answer 32

umbilical vein

Question 33

Function of ductus venosus

Answer 33

Shunts blood from umbilical vein to IVC bypassing hepatic circulation

Question 34

Embryonic structure that shunts blood entering right heart to descending aorta bypassing pulmonary circulation

Answer 34

Ductus arteriosus

Question 35

Responsible for closing ductus arteriosus

Answer 35

Increased O2 tension and decreased prostaglandins

Question 36

Drug given to close patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 36

Indomethacin

Question 37

Endogenous compound that keeps PDA open

Answer 37

Prostaglandins E1 and E2