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Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

produces blastomeres

Mitotic divisions

A

Week 1

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2
Q

16 cell structure at 3 days post fertilization

A

Morula

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3
Q

Cells that implant into uterine wall at day 6

A

Trophoblast

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4
Q

Form embryo of fetus and embryo blast

A

Inner mast cells

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5
Q

Trophoblast into 2 layers

A

Cytotrophoblasts

Synctiotrophoblasts

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6
Q

Produces hcg

In contact with maternal blood supply via trophoblastic lacunae

A

Synctiotrophoblast

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7
Q

Inner cell layer form new trophoblastic cells

Lines primitive yolk sac

A

Cytotrophoblast

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8
Q

Embryoblast (inner cell mast) forms 2 layers that form flat disc

A

Epiblast

Hypoblast

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9
Q

Source of all germ layers
Embryonic ectodermal tissue
Small cavity = amniotic cavity
Epiblastic cells = amino lasts

A

Epiblast layer

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10
Q

Cuboidal epithelium
Forms primitive yolk sac
Becomes endodermis tissue of yolk sac

A

Hypoblast

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11
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm divides into

A

Somatic

Splanchinic

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12
Q

Connecting stalk is future

A

Umbilical cord

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13
Q

Cytotrophoblast cells penetrate synctiotrophoblast forms

A

Primary villi

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14
Q

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm covers

A

Yolk sac

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15
Q

Secondary and tertiary villi form barrier between

A

Maternal and fetal blood by the two layers of trophoblasts

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16
Q

Week 3 beginning of

A

Morphogenesis

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17
Q

Notochord formed
3 layer disc from bilaminar disc composed of ecto- endo- meso-derm
Formation of primitive streak

A

Week 3 Gastrulation

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18
Q

Epiblast cells through primitive pit form

A

Notochordal process

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19
Q

Epiblast cells lateral primitive streak form

A

Mesoderm

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20
Q

Epiblast cells staying form

A

Ectoderm

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21
Q

Epiblast cells on primitive streak

A

Endoderm

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22
Q

Germ layers derived from

A

Eps lasting cell layer of bilaminar disc

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23
Q

Epithelial lining of respiratory system and gi tract

A

Endoderm

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24
Q 
Smooth and striated m
Skeleton
Reproductive 
Vessels
❤️
A

Mesoderm

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25
Q

Epidermis

A

Surface ectoderm

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26
Q

Nervous system

Neural crest

A

Neuroectoderm

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27
Q

Notochord process forms

A

Notochordal plate

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28
Q

Structure around which vertebral column forms

Inducer of neural plate formation

A

Notochord

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29
Q

Living derivative of notochord is

A

Nucleus pulposus

30
Q

Paraxial mesoderm + notochord =

A

Neural tube induction

31
Q

Neural crest and tube from

32
Q

Induction of notochord to form

A

Neural plate

33
Q

Rectangular shaped pairs of paraxial mesoderm that form on either side of notochord

34
Q

Axial skeleton at that level and dermis connected to it

35
Q

Body cavities develop from

A

Lateral plate of intraembryonic mesoderm

36
Q

Somatic mesoderm =

37
Q

Splanchnic =

38
Q

All systems and organs develop frontera layers

Most structural defects induced

A

Week 3-8 Embryonic period

39
Q

Zygote
Sex determined
Initiation of cell division (cleavage)
23 to 46 chromosomes

A

Fertilization

40
Q

Formation of neural tube in 3rd week when notochord and paraxial mesoderm induced neuroectoderm to form neural plate

A

Neurulation

41
Q

Formation of neural tube starts with

A

Neural fold
Followed by neural tube and crest
Finally neuropores close

42
Q

Neural tube wall formed by three layers

A

Ependymal
Mantle
Marginal

43
Q

Ependymal gives rise to

A

All cell types of CNS

44
Q

Mantle thickens to form

A 
Alar plate (dorsal horn)
Basal plate (ventral horn)
45
Q

Axons from the mantle layer form

A

Marginal layer

46
Q

Neural crest =

A

Dorsal root ganglia

Autonomic ganglia

47
Q

Mesenchyme =

48
Q

Motor control of smooth ❤️ and glands require how many neurons and what are they called

A

2

Pre and post-ganglion neuron

49
Q

How many motor neurons needed for skeletal muscle

50
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres

51
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

52
Q

Mesencephalon

53
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

54
Q

Myelencephalon

55
Q

In basal and alar plates, Gray matter organized in clusters of cell bodies called

56
Q

3 flexures

A

Midbrain
Cervical (between hindbrain and cord)
Pontine (between metencephalon and myelecephalon)

57
Q

Remnant of lumen of neural tube consisting of lateral ventricles, third and fourth ventricle, cerebral aqueduct and continuous with central canal of cord and subarachnoid space outside CNS

A

Ventricular system

58
Q

Choroid plexus within ventricular system produces

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

59
Q

Axial skeleton derived from

60
Q

Somites differentiate into 2 aspects

A

Ventromedial

Dorsolateral

61
Q

Ventromedial =

A

Sclerotome = vertebral body neural arch ribs

62
Q

Dorsolateral =

A

Dermomyotome

Skin and mm

63
Q

Notochordal process becomes notochord
Vertebral body forms around notochord
Nucleus pulposus left as living derivative of notochord

A

Notochordal stage

64
Q

Paired sclerotome

Mesenchymal masses surround notochord and neural tube

A

Precartilaginous/mesenchymal stage

65
Q

Each sclerotome differentiates into cranial loose and caudal dense cells

A

Resegmentation

66
Q

Cranial loose and caudal dense cells separated by

67
Q

Caudal part fuses with

A

Cranial part of subjacent sclerotome

68
Q

By end of month 6 notochord cells replaced by what forming nucleus pulposus

A

Mesenchymal tissues

69
Q

Mesenchymal cells differentiates into chondroblasts at chondrofication centers

A

Cartilaginous stage

70
Q

How many primary and secondary ossification centers in each vertebrae

71
Q

Deep back muscles innervated by dorsal rami

72
Q

Thoracic abdominal body wall and limbs innervated by ventral rami

Histology (8 decks)

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