Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microanatomy > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

what animals have zonary placentae

A

Carnivores, manatees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What degree of placental interdigitation do cats and dogs have

A

Endothelialchorial: no uterine connective tissue intervenes between syntrophoblast and endothelium of maternal vessels (be able to draw this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What stage are the areas above Henson’s node in

A

Neurlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the diverse migratory cell population that becomes melanocytes, creaniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle among other things

A

Neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The spaces within the lateral plate are enclosed and form what (space between splanchnic and somatic layers)

A

coelom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what degree of placental interdigitation do pigs, cows, and horse have

A

epitheliochorial: fetal and maternal epithelia interdigitate (be able to draw this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is restriction

A

options narrowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does dermatome become

A

dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does umbilical (mamals)/ allantoic (birds) systems do

A

Oxygen exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do cardinal veins do

A

drain blood from the body of the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does chorion do

A

Site of gas exchange (white skin like stuff when you make hard boiled eggs just inside of the shell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition of mesenchyme

A

Cells from mesoderm or neural crest that are loosely arranged, tells epithelium what to do, precursor to muscle and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do chorioamniotic folds create

A

amnion and chorion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Myotome become

A

skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is differentiation

A

expression of mature stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What animals have discoid placentae

A

humans, rodents, insectivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm form

A

Body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What animals have diffuse placentae

A

Pigs, horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What degree of placental interdigitation do primates have

A

Hemochorial: chorion is bathed in the maternal blood (be able to draw this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does yolk do to the symmetry of developing animals

A

Reduces symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do birds have more yolk

A

No direct contact with mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in mammals during blastulation, an inner cell mass separates from the trophoblast and creates what

A

blastocoele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are epigenetic factors

A

Compounds that mark DNA and determine what, where, and when genes should be expressed. (Google: 1 molec bio: 0)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Notochord produces proteins that inhibit ectoderm from becoing epidermis, what does this form

A

neural ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the morula

A

Mass of blastomeres at 64 cell stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In birds during blastulation, the hypoblast delaminates from the epiblast creating what

A

Blastocoele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the mesoderm become

A

Connective tissue, muscle, cardiac tissue, bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What stage are the areas below Hensen’s node in

A

blastulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the outer layer of the blastula

A

epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Definition of morphogenetic movement

A

movement of cells in early embryo that change shape or form of differentiating cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Definition of embryo

A

development from fertilization until organs develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does vitteline system do

A

To and from yolk, nutrients

33
Q

Gastrulation converts ___ (two things) into ___ (three things)

A

Hypoblast and epiblast into ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

34
Q

What is the enlarged cranial end of primitive streak known as

A

Hensen’s node

35
Q

Definition of induction

A

interaction at close range between 2+ embryonic cells with different properties, and one group is altered

36
Q

What does Ectoderm become

A

Neural tissue and skin

37
Q

What was the point of the Kriegerish (Archer anyone?) experiment with the duck and chicken leg mesenchyme/epithelium

A

Mesenchyme is what determines what the epithelium becomes

38
Q

What are the two layers of lateral plate mesoderm

A

somatic and splanchnic

39
Q

What is the purpose of the yolk sac in mammals

A

serves as nutritive functions via the vitteline vessels in early development, more important in horses

40
Q

Where do the amnion and chorion come from

A

Somatopleure

41
Q

what determines the morphological pattern of cleavage and the morula

A

the amount and distribution of yolk in the zygote

42
Q

Where does involution occur during gastrulation to form the primary germ layers

A

Hensen’s node

43
Q

What is teratology

A

scientific study of congenital abnormalities and abnormal formations

44
Q

What is primary induction

A

influence of notochord and prechordal mesoderm on overlying mideline ectoderm causing it to form neural ectoderm

45
Q

what is the precursor to the central nervous system

A

neural tube

46
Q

What does Endoderm become

A

respiratory and GI tract

47
Q

What does the yolk sac come from

A

splanchnopleure

48
Q

What does retinoic acid do

A

Establish identity of location along cranial-caudal axis

49
Q

What is the trophoderm

A

another name for chorion

50
Q

What is a congenital defect

A

Defect present before birth

51
Q

what is a fetus

A

Development from when organs are created but not completely developed

52
Q

Definition of paracrine factors

A

Cell chemical signals that act on nearby cells

53
Q

What are three primary germ layers

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

54
Q

what does sclerotome become

A

vertebrae, ribs, and scapulae

55
Q

What is the area of contact between fetal and maternal tissues in mammals

A

Placenta

56
Q

What happens during gastrulation

A

Primitive streak forms,

57
Q

what is deciduous placenta

A

Vessels rupture at birth (pig)

58
Q

What degree of placental interdigitation do sheep and goats have

A

Syndesmochorial: Chorion is in direct contact with uterine connective tissue (be able to draw this)

59
Q

What are the four main things that happen during neurulation

A

Primary induction, Neural tube closure, formation of neural crest, segmentation of mesoderm into somites

60
Q

What is the allantois

A

outpocketing of hindgut in between amnion and chorion

61
Q

Definition of critical period

A

Organ systems become established, inductive interactions occur, organ is most susceptible to disruption

62
Q

In mammals during blastulation, what does the trophoblast do

A

facilitates absorption of nutrients

63
Q

What is the primitive streak

A

Cranial to caudal groove of epiblast cells

64
Q

What direction does Henson’s node develop during gastrulation

A

Cranial to caudal

65
Q

What separates branchial archs

A

pharyngeal pouches (openings of foregut)

66
Q

What is the relationship between branchial arch and aortic arch

A

Each branchial arch contains a specific aoric arch, cranial nerve

67
Q

What are the three fates of somites

A

Sclerotome, myotome, and dermatome

68
Q

What do branchial arches form

A

Major structures of the head

69
Q

What is the inner layer of the blastula

A

hypoblast

70
Q

What animals have cotyledonary placentae

A

ruminates

71
Q

What does the amniotic cavity do

A

provides cushion

72
Q

What stage are the areas at Hensen’s node in

A

gastrulation

73
Q

What is determination

A

Options closed, fate has been determined

74
Q

What are 3 characteristics of blastulation

A
  1. Cells divisions are asynchronous 2. Blastocoele forms 3. Beginning of cell determination
75
Q

Describe the difference between yolk distribution influence in mammals and birds on the morula

A

Mammals: uniform distribution of daughter cells Birds: Large amount of asymmetrically distributed yolk, flat embryo

76
Q

Name at least 4 of the 6 shared features of all vertebrate embryo

A
  1. Dorsal hollow neural tube, enlarged rostrally 2. notochord ventral to neural tube 3. Series of paired mesodermal somites 4. Ventral endodermal gut tube 5. Coelom lined by lateral plate mesoderm 6. Ventral heart and bilateral aortic arches that empty into dorsal aorta
77
Q

What is non-deciduous placenta

A

diffuse and cotylendory, fetal side peels away without hemorrhage (cats, dogs)

78
Q

What does splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm form

A

circulatory system

79
Q

where does primates extra embryoic mesoderm come from

A

Trophoblast

Microanatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions