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Head n Neck > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic arch 1 contributes to

A

maxillary a.

“First is Max”

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2
Q

Aortic arch 2 forms part of

A

the hyoid and stapedial a.

“Second is Stapedial”

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3
Q

Aortic arch 3 forms the

A

common carotid a. and proximal portion of the internal carotid a. (C is the 3rd letter)

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4
Q

Aortic arch 4 forms the

A

Right proximal subclavian a. and part of the aortic arch

“fouRS”

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5
Q

Aortic arch 5

A

degenerates during early development

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6
Q

Aortic arch 6

A

Pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosis

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7
Q

How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there?

A

5 (1, 2, 3, 4, 6). 4 and 6 are kind of fused

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8
Q

The pharyngeal arches are seperated by?

A

Pharyngeal grooves

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9
Q

What are the outter, middle, and inner layers of the pharngeal arches composed of?

A

outter - ectoderm
middle - mesenchyme
inside - endoderm

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10
Q

What does the neurocest cells of pharyngeal arch 1 become?

A

The maxillary prominence -> maxillary bone, zygomatic, & squamous portions of temporal bone
Mandibular prominence -> mandible, malleus, incus
Think Trigem structures

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11
Q

Innervation of pharyngeal arch 1 is?

A

Trigeminal (V)

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12
Q

Innervation of pharyngeal arch 2 is?

A

Facial (VII)

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13
Q

Innervation of pharyngeal arch 3 is?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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14
Q

Innervation of pharyngeal arch 4-6 is?

A

Vagus (X)

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15
Q

What does the neurocest cells of pharyngeal arch 2 gives rise to?

A

Lesser cornu of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament, stylohyoid process, stapes
Think Facial n.

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16
Q

What does the neurocest cells of pharyngeal arch 3 gives rise to?

A

Greater cornu of hyoid

3 is the smallest, think glossopharyngeal n.

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17
Q

What does the neurocest cells of paryngeal arch 4 gives rise to?

A

Laryngeal cartilages

Think Vagus

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18
Q

What does the mesoderm of pharyngeal arch 1 give rise to?

A

Muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, mylohyoid, ant belly of digastric, tensor tympani)

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19
Q

What does the mesoderm of pharyngeal arch 2 give rise to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

Stylohyoid, pos digastric

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20
Q

What does the mesoderm of pharyngeal arch 3 give rise to?

A

Stylopharyngeus

21
Q

What does the mesoderm of pharyngeal arch 4/6 give rise to?

A

Pharyngeal constrictors, soft palate, laryngeal muscles

22
Q

neural crest cells give rise to?

A

Bone and cartilage

23
Q

Mesoderm gives rise to?

A

Muscles

24
Q

The pharyngeal endoderm becomes the?

A

Pharyngeal pouches

25
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 1 becomes the?

A

tubotympanic recess -> tympanic cavity, mastoid antrum, auditory tube

26
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 2 becomes the?

A

Palatine tonsilar bed -> induces lymphoid tissue invasion and together form the palatine tonsil

27
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 3 becomes the?

A

Thymus

inferior parathyroid

28
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 4/6 becomes the?

A

superior parathyroid

29
Q

Pharyngeal groove 1 becomes the?

A

External acoustic meatus

30
Q

Pharyngeal grooves 2-4 become the?

A

Cervical sinus -> cervical vesicle

Both degenerate over time, persistance causes and branchial cyst/sinus/fistula

31
Q

Describe the development of the thyroid

A

Endoderm between pharyngeal arch 1 and 2 -> thyroid primoridum -> descends below the hyoid.
Mature glad is anterior to trachea, caudal to larynx

32
Q

The face is formed from what 3 structures?

A

Frontonasal prominence
Paired maxillary prominence
Paired mandibular promninence

33
Q

As the maxillary prominence grow they

A

push the nasal prominences toward the midline of the face

34
Q

The medial nasal prominences fuse and give rise to

A

Bridge of the nose

Intermaxillary segment

35
Q

When the maxillary prominence fuses with the intermaxillary segement it forms

A

the Smooth upper lip

Fusion of primary and secondary palate

36
Q

The lateral nasal prominences fuse with the maxillary prominence and form the

A

alae of the nose and the nasolacrimal duct forms at the site of fusion

37
Q

The two nasal sacs fuse in the midline to form

A

A single nasal cavity with a thin membrane that ruptures to create a continuous nasal and oral cavity

38
Q

What forms to separate the oral and nasal cavities?

A

the secondary palate is formed. Prevents aspiration of food

39
Q

The primary palate is derived from

A

the intermaxillary segment

40
Q

The secondary palate is derived from

A

fusion of the palatine shelves on the maxillary prominence (source of cleft lips)

41
Q

A portion of the neural tube is transiently divided into segments termed

A

Rhombomeres

42
Q

How many pharyngeal clefts are present once the final number of pharyngeal arches has been established?

A

1

43
Q

The taste buds in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue are innervated by

A

Facial n.

44
Q

Olfactory sensory neurons arise from

A

nasal placodes within the nasal pits

45
Q

What are the parts of the middle ear?

A

incus, stapes, malleous, round window niche

46
Q

The tensory tympani and mylohyoid arise from which arch?

A

1st

47
Q

The stylohyoid arises from which arch?

A

2nd

48
Q

The lateral cricoarytenoid arise from which arch?

A

4th

Head n Neck (3 decks)

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