B Pages Flashcards
Branches of the common carotid
Internal and External carotid
Branches of the external carotid (8)
Ascending pharyngeal, Superior thyroid, Lingual, Facial, Occipital, Posterior auricular, Superficial temporal, Maxillary
Ascending pharyngeal feeds the
pharynx, throat
Branches of the superior thyroid
Superior laryngeal
Superior thyroid a. feeds the
thyreoeides, oblong shield
Superior thyroid a. anastomoses with (x1)
inferior thyroid a.
Superior laryngeal a. feeds the
Larynx
Branches of the lingual a. (x3)
Dorsal lingual, deep lingual, and sublingual
Dorsal lingual a. anastomoses with (x3)
ascending palatine, lesser palatine, & tonsilar a.
Deep lingual a. @ with (x1)
contralateral deep lingual a. (at tip of tongue)
Sublingual a. @ (x1)
submental a.
Branches of the facial a. (x7)
Ascending palatine a., Tonsilar a., submental a., inferior labial a., superior labial a., lateral nasal branch, angular a.
Ascending palatine a. feeds the
Palate
Ascending palatine a. @ (x3)
lesser palatine, tonsilar, dorsal lingual
Tonsilar a. @ (x3)
ascending palatine, dorsal lingual, lesser palatine
Submental a. feeds the
Chin
Submental a. @ (x2)
sublingual, inferior labial
Inferior labial a. feeds the
lip
Inferior labial a. @ (x2)
mental, submental
Superior labial a. @ (x4)
lateral nasal, posterior nasals, greater palatine, & anterior ethmoidal
Lateral nasal branch @ (x5)
superiror labial, dorsal nasal, posterior nasal, greater palatine, anterior ethmoidal
Angular a. @ (x2)
dorsal nasal, infraorbital
Occipital a. feeds the
back of the head
Occipital a. @ (x2)
Transverse cervical, vertebral a.
Posterior auricular a. feeds the
ear
Superficial temporal a. feeds the
temple
Maxillary a. feeds the
jawbone
Branches of the maxillary a. (x8)
Middle meningeal, inferior alveolar, muscular branches, buccal, posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, greater palatine, sphenopalatine
Branches of the inferior alveolar a.
mental a.
Mental a. @ with
inferior labial a.
Branches of the muscular branches of the maxillary a. (x3)
Deep temporal, Masseteric a., Pterygoid branches
Branch of the Infraorbital a.
Anterior superior alveolar branches
Infraorbital a. @ (x2)
Angular a., dorsal nasal a.
Branch of the greater palatine a.
Lesser Palatine a.
Greater Palatine a. @ (x4)
sphenopalatine, lateral nasal, superior labial, anterior ethmoidal
Branches of the sphenopalatine a.
Posterior (medial & lateral) nasal branches
The posterior medial nasal branch terminates as what and where?
The nasopalatine at the incisive fossa
Sphenopalatine a. @ (x5)
nasal branches of the greater palatine, superior labial, posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal, & lateral nasal a.
Branches of the internal carotid a. (x3)
Opthalmic a., Anterior cerebral a., middle cerebral a.,
Branches of the opthalmic a. (x7)
Central of retina, supraorbital a., supratrochlear a., lacrimal a., posterior ethmoidal a., Anterior ethmoidal a., Dorsal nasal a.
Posterior Ethmoidal a. @ (x2)
Anterior ethmoidal a., Posterior nasal a.
Anterior Ethmoidal a. @ (x5)
Posterior ethmoidal, posterior nasals, lateral nasal, greater palatine, & superior labial a.
Dorsal nasal a. @ (x4)
Angular, lateral nasal, infraorbital, contralateral dorsal nasal
Anterior cerebral a. feeds the
brain
Branch of the anterior cerebral a.
Anterior communicating a.
Anterior cerebral a. @ (x2)
Posterior cerebral, & middle cerebral
Middle Cerebral a. @ (x2)
anterior cerebral, posterior cerebral
Branches of the vertebral a. (x3)
Anterior spinal a., Posterior inferior cerbellar (PICA), Basilar a.
Vertebral a. @ (x4)
occipital, deep cervical, ascending cervical, transverse cervical
Branch of the Posterior inferior cerebellar a. (PICA)
Posterior spinal a.
Branches of the Basilar a (x4)
Anterior inferior cerebellar a. (AICA), Pontine a., Superior cerebellar a., Posteriror cerebral a.
Pontine a. feeds the
Pons
Branch of the Posterior cerebral a.
Posterior communicating a.
Posterior cerebral a. @ (x2)
anterior cerebral, middle cerebral
Branches of the Thyrocervical trunk (x3)
Inferior thyroid a., Suprascapular a., Transverse cervical a.
Branches of the Inferior thyroid a. (x2)
Inferior laryngeal a., ascending cervical a.,
Ascending cervical a. @
vertebral a.
Branch of the Costocervical trunk
Deep cervical a.
Deep cervical a. @
Vertebral a.
Components of the pterygopalatine fossa (x7)
Foramen rotundum, pterygoid canal, inferior orbital fissure, infraobrital groove, sphenopalatine foramen, pterygomaxillary fissure, greater palatine canal
Function of the Foramen rotundum
Transmits the maxillary n.
Function of the Pterygoid canal
Transmits the nerve of the pterygoid canal
Function of the Inferior orbital fissure
Transmits the zygomatic n.
Function of the infraorbital groove
Transmits the infraorbital n. a. v.
Sphenopalatine foramen
Transmits the sphenopalatine a. v., and posterior superior nasal n.
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Transmits the posterior superior alveolar n., & the infraorbital, sphenopalatine, and greater palatine a. v.
Greater palatine canal
Transmits the greater palatine n. a. v.
Bregma
Junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures
Lambda
junction of the sagittal and lamboidal sutures
Pterion
where the parietal sphenoid, frontal, and temporal bones meet
Zygomatic arch attaches to
masseter m.
Coronal suture
between frontal and parietal bones
Cruciform suture
between palatine processes of maxilla and horizontal processes of the palatine bones
Lamboid suture
between occipital and parietal bones
Sagittal suture
between the parietal bones
Anterior tubercule located on the anterior arch of the Atlas attaches to
Anterior longitudinal ligament, and longus coli m.
The lateral aspects of the Atlas articulate with
the occipital condyles (superior facet) and the axis (inferior facet)
Posterior aspect of the atlas functions (x2)
- Houses the vertebal a. v., suboccipital n.
2. attaches to the ligamentum nuchae and rectus capitis posterior minor m.
Transverse foramen of the Atlas function
Transmits the vertebral a. v.
Function of the superior articular facet of the axis
Articulates with the atlas
Dens of the Axis attaches to
The alar ligament, and houses the transverse ligament (cruciate)
Pedicle of the Axis
Transmits C3 n., vertebal a. v.
Auditory ossicles
- Malleus (attach to tensor tympani)
- Incus
- Stapes (attach to stapedius)
Mental foramen function
Transmits the mental n. a. v.
Mandibular notch
Transmits the nerve and artery to the masseter m.
Alveolar Part of the mandible
Houses the roots of the teeth
Mandibular foramen
Transmits the inferior alveolar n. a. v.
mylohyoid groove
houses the mylohyoid n.
Submandibular Fossa
Houses the submandibular gland
Sphenopalatine foramen
Transmits the sphenopalatine a. v. and posterior superior nasal n.
pterygoid hamulus hamulus
Deflects the tendong of the tensor palatini m.
internal auditory meatus
Transmits facial and vestibulococchlear n.
pterygomaxillary fissure
Transmits the posterior superior alveolar n., & the infraorbital, sphenopalatine and greater palatine a. v.
sphenopalatine foramen
Transmits sphenopalatine a. v. & posterior superior nasal n.
optic canal
transmits the optic n. and opthalmic a.
olfactory foramina
Transmits the olfactory n.
superior orbital fissure
transmits the opthalmic n, oculomotor n., trochlear n., abducens n., opthalmic v.,
sulcus chiasmaticus
Houses the optic chiasm
hypophyseal fossa
Houses the pituitary
Carotid grove of the skull
houses carotid a. n.
Foramen ovale
Transmits the mandibular n. and accessory meningeal a.
Foramen spinosum
Transmits the middle meningeal a. & the meningeal (recurrent) branch of the mandibular n.
Foramen magnum
Transmits the spinal cord, vertebral a. v., and accessory nerve
Occipital condyle
Articulates with the atlas
Hypoglossal canal
Transmits hypoglossal n.
Jugular Foramen
Tranmits the internal jugular v., glossopharyngeal n., vagus n., & accessory n.
Sulcus for the sigmoid sinus
houses the sigmoid sinus
Trigeminal impression
Houses the trigeminal ganglion
Anterior ethmoidal foramen
Transmits the anterior ethmoidal n. a. v.
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Transmits the posterior ethmoidal n. a. v.
Infraobital groove
Transmits the infraorbital n. a. v.
Incisive fossa
Transmits the nasopalatine n. and greater palatine a.
Lesser palatine foramen
transmits the lesser palatine n. a. v.
pterygoid canal
Transmits the nerve of the pterygoid canal
Cruciform suture
between palatine processes of maxilla and horizontal processes of the palatine bones
Greater palatine foramen
Transmits the greater palatine n. a. v.
Stylomastoid foramen
Trasmits the facial n.
Tympanic canaliculus
Transmits the tympanic n.
Mandibular fossa
Articulates with the TMJ disc
Tegmen tympani
Sliver of bone in squamotympanic fissure
Petrotympanic fissure
Transmits chorda tympani n.
Squamotympanic Fissure
Articular disc
Fascias of the neck (x4)
Superficial cervical fascia, Deep cervical Fascia, Phargobasilar fascia, Bucopharyngeal fascia
Superficial cervical Fascia
Between the dermis and deep fascia; contains the platysma muscle
Deep Cervical Fascias (x4)
Superficial (investing) layer (lamina), Carotid Sheath, Prevertebral fascia, Pretracheal (visceral) fascia (lamina)
Superficial (investing) layer (lamina)
surrounds the trapezeius, SCM, and inferior portion of the parotid gland. Continuous with remainder of the parotid fascia
Carotid sheath
Surrounds the common and internal carotic a., internal jugual v., and the vagus n.
Prevertebral fascia
Forms the floor of the posterior triangle; from base of skull to mediastinum; continuous with axillary sheath and anterior longitudinal ligament. Defines the posterior boundary of the retropharyngeal space.
Pretracheal (visceral) fascia (lamina)
Surrounds the infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, esophagus, and trachea. Continuous with the buccopharyngeal fascia
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Internal empimysium of the constrictor muscles; extends from the base of the skull (pharyngeal tubercle) to the pterygomandibular raphe & pharyngeal raphe
Buccopharyngeal fascia
External epimysium of the constrictor muscles; continuous with the pretracheal fascia
The Atlanto-occippital joint is a
ellipsoidal
The Median atlanto-axial joint is a
pivot
The lateral atlanto-axial joint is a
plane or gliding
The zygapophysial joint is a
plane or gliding joint
The upper compartment of the Temporomandibular joint is
A plane or gliding joint
The lower compartment of the Temporomandibular joint is
a hinge joint
Ligamentum nuchae
C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance. Attachment for cervical muscles
Transverse (cruciate) of atlas
From lateral mass to lateral mass of the atlas. Maintains articulation between dens and anterior arch of the atlas
Tectorial membrane
From the posterior surface of the axial body to anterior margin of the foramen magnum. Supports atlanto-occipital & atlanto-axial joints
Alar (check)
From dens to medial aspect of the occipital condyles. Limits rotation of the median atlanto-axial joint
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
From anterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone. Supports atlanto-occipital joints and helps to limit extension of the head
Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
Posterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone. Supports atlanto-occipital joints
Ligamentum nuchae
C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance. Attachment for cervical muscles
Transverse (cruciate) of atlas
From lateral mass to lateral mass of the atlas. Maintains articulation between dens and anterior arch of the atlas
Tectorial membrane
From the posterior surface of the axial body to anterior margin of the foramen magnum. Supports atlanto-occipital & atlanto-axial joints
Ptergomandibular raphe
From pterygoid hamulus to posterior mylohyoid line
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
From anterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone. Supports atlanto-occipital joints and helps to limit extension of the head
Left jugular trunk (lymphatic)
Drains superficial and deep nodes into the thoracic duct
Lateral temporomandibular lig.
from zygomatic process to mandibular neck. Supports joint capsule in maintaining articulation, & helps to limit depression & retraction
Stylomandibular ligament
From apex of styloid process to angle of mandible
Stylohyoid
From apex of styloid process to lesser cornu of hyoid
Ptergomandibular raphe
From pterygoid hamulus to posterior mylohyoid line
Right jugular trunk (lymphatic)
Drains superficial and deep nodes into the right lymphatic duct
Left jugular trunk (lymphatic)
Drains superficial and deep nodes into the thoracic duct
Occipital nodes
Drains occipital scalp
Mastoid (retro-auricular) nodes
Drains ear and adjacent scalp
Parotid nodes
Drains ear, face, nose, and scalp
Buccal (facial) nodes
Drains nose and adjacent face
Submandibular nodes
Drains face, tongue, mouth, nose, palate, and submental nodes
Submental nodes
Drains central lower lip and tip of tongue
Anterior cervical
Drains superficial anterior neck
Terminal (deep) nodes:
Inferior nodes
Drains the anterior cervical, paratracheal, submental, supraclavicular, & superior deep cervical nodes
Buccinator m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Compress the cheek
Facial n. (buccal branch)
Facial and Buccal a.
Depressor anguli oris m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Depress buccal angle laterally
Facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)
Inferior labial and mental a.
Depressor labii inferioris m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Draws lower lip downward
Facial n. (Marginal mandibular branch)
Inferior labial and mental a.
Frontalis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Protracts the scalp or elevates eyebrows & nose
Facial n. (temporal branch)
supraorbital, and supratrochlear a.
Levator anguli oris m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Raises angle of mouth
Facial n. (buccal branches)
Facial, superior labial, & infraobital a.
Levator labii superioris m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Raises and everts upper lip
Facial n. (buccal branch)
Facial, angular, & infraorbital a.
Mentalis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Raises lower lip
Facial n. (marginal mandibular branch)
inferior labial & mental a.
Nasalis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Transverse fibers copress & alar fibers widen the nasal aperture
Facial n. (buccal branch)
lateral nasal, angular, & infraorbital a.
Orbiularis oculi m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Palpebral sphincter
temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial n.
supraorbital, supratrochlear, dorsal nasal, angular, infraorbital, and transverse facial a.
Orbicularis oris m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
oral sphinctor
Facial n. (buccal & marginal mandibular branches)
Facial, inferior & superior labial, infraorbital, and mental a.
Platysma m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
wrinkles the anterior nuccal skin
Facial n. (cervical branch)
Facial, submental, & suprascapular a.
Zygomaticus major m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Raises the buccal angle
Facial n. (buccal branch)
facial, superior labial, transverse facial & infraorbital a.
Inn. of orbicularis oris m.
Facial n. (buccal & marginal mandibular branches)
Blood supply of obicularis oris m.
Facial, inferior & superior labial, infraorbital, and mental a.
Platysma m. function
wrinkles the anterior nuccal skin
Inn. of Platysma m.
Facial n. (cervical branch)
Medial rectus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
adduction of the eye
inferior ramus of the oculomotor n.
ophthalmic, anterior ethmoidal, & posterior ethmoidal a.
Zygomaticus major m. function
Raises the buccal angle
Inferior oblique m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
elevation, abduction, and extorsion of the eye
inferior ramus of the occulomotor n.
opthalmic & infraorbital a.
Inferior rectus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
depression, adduction, & extorsion of the eye
Inferior ramus of the occulomotor n.
Ophthalmic & infraorbital a.
Lateral rectus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Abduction of the eye
Abducens n.
Opthalmic and lacrimal a.
Levator palpebrae superioris m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the upper lid
Superior ramus of the oculomotor n.
ophthalmic & supraorbital a.
Medial pterygoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food
Mandibular n.
Pterygoid a.
Superior oblique m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
abduction, depression & intorsion of the eye
Trochlear n.
ophthalmic, supraorbital, anterior & posterior ethmoidal a.
Superior rectus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation, adduction, & intorsion of the eye
Superior ramus of the oculomotor n.
Ophthalmic & supraorbital a.
Masseter m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation, protraction, and retraction (deep fibers) of the mandible
Mandibular n.
Masseteric, facial, and transverse facial a.
Temporalis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation & retraction (posterior aspect of the muscle) of the mandible
mandibular n.
Deep temporal a.
Lateral pterygoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Protraction of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food
mandibular n.
pterygoid & ascending palatine a.
Mylohyoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the floor of the oral cavity
mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.
Submental branch of facial & lingual a.
Anterior digastric m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
Mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.
Submental branch of facial a.
Posterior digastric m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
Facial n.
Occipital & posterior auricular a.
Geniohyoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
elevation & anterior displacement of the hyoid, or depression of the mandible with a fixed hyoid
Ventral ramus of C1
sublingual a.
Longus capitis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Flexion of the head and neck
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
Vertebral, ascending cervical, ascending pharyngeal, & inferior thyroid a.
Longus colli m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Flexion of the neck
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
vertebral, ascending pharyngeal, & inferior thyroid a.
Sternohyoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Depresses the hyoid
ansa cervicalis
Superior thyroid a.
Omohyoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Depression of the hyoid
Ansa Cervicalis
Superior thyroid, suprascapular a.
Scalenus anterior m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion of the neck
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
ascending cervical, suprascapular, & transverse cervical a.
Scalenus medius m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion of the neck
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.
Scalenus posterior m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the rib (during forced inspiration)
Ventral rami of cervical spinal n.
ascending cervical, suprascapular, and transverse cervical a.
Sternocleidomastoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Flexion of the head & neck, & contralateral rotation of the head
accessory n.
occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid, & suprascapular a.
Sternohyoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Depresses the hyoid
ansa cervicalis
Superior thyroid a.
Sternothyroid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Depression of the elevated larynx
ansa cervicalis
superior thyroid a.
Rectus capitis posterior major m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Extension of the head
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Vertebral & occipital a.
Thyrohyoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
depression of the hyoid or elevation of the thyroid cartilage
ventral ramus of C1 via the hypoglossal n.
Superior thyroid a.
Splenius capitis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Extension & lateral flexion of the head
Dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Obliquus capitis superior m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Posterolateral flexion of the head
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Vertebral & occipital a.
Longissimus capitis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Extension & ipsilateral rotation of the head
Dorsal rami of spinal n.
vertebral, occipital, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Semispinalis cervicis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Extension of the neck
Dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
vertebral, deep cervical & deep branch of transverse cervical a.
Styloglossus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
elevation &retraction of the tongue
hypoglassal n.
sublingual a.
Rectus capitis posterior minor m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Extension of the head
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Vertebral & occipital a.
Obliquus capitis inferior m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Ipsilateral rotation of the head
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Vertebral & occipital a.
Obliquus capitis superior m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Posterolateral flexion of the head
suboccipital n. (dorsal ramus C1)
Vertebral & occipital a.
Genioglossus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Protrusion of the tongue
hypoglossal n.
deep lingual & sublingual a.
Tensor veli palatini m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Unilateral deviation & bilateral tension of the soft palate
mandibular n.
Ascending, greater, & lesser palatine a.
Styloglossus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
elevation &retraction of the tongue
hypoglassal n.
sublingual a.
Levator veli palatini m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
elevates the soft palate
Vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
ascending, greater, & lesser palatine a.
Musculus uvulae m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
aids in palatopharyngeal closure
Vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
Ascending palatine & lesser palatine a.
Palatoglossus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the root of the tongue & approximation of the palatoglossal folds
vagus n. (pharyngeal branch)
Ascending palatine, ascending pharyngeal, & tonsilar a.
Stylopharyngeus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the pharyngeal wall
glassopharyngeal n.
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Tensor veli palatini m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Unilateral deviation & bilateral tension of the soft palate
mandibular n.
Ascending, greater, & lesser palatine a.
Inferior constrictor m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
General sphicteric & perstalic action in swallowing
pharyngeal plexus (CNX), recurrent laryngeal, & external laryngeal n.
Ascending pharyngeal and inferior thyroid a.
Middle constrictor m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
General sphichteric & peristalic action in swallowing
Pharyngeal plexus (CNX)
Ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Superior constrictor m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
General sphinchteric & peristalic action in swallowing
Pharyngeal plexus (CNX)
Ascending pharyngeal & tonsilar a.
Salpingopharyngeus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the superior lateral aspect of the pharyngeal wall
Vagus n.
Ascending pharyngeal & ascending palatine a.
Stylopharyngeus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Elevation of the pharyngeal wall
glassopharyngeal n.
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Aryepiglotticus m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Closes the aryepiglotic folds
Recurrent laryngeal n.
Superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Lateral cricoarytenoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Closes the glottis (adducts the vocal folds)
Recurrent laryngeal n.
Superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Posterior cricoarytenoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Opens the glottis (abducts the vocal folds)
Recurrent laryngeal n.
Superior & inferior laryngeal
Tensor tympani m.
Function
Inn.
Dampens movement of the malleus
n. to the medial pterygoid, mandibular n.
Interarytenoids m. (transverse and oblique)
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
closes glottis & assists in closing aryepiglottic folds
recurrent laryngeal n.
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Thyroarytenoid m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Closes glottis or slackens vocal cords
recurrent laryngeal n.
Superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Optic chiasm function
axons arising from the nasal (medial) half of the retina cross the midline to the crontralateral optic tract
Vocalis m.
Function
Inn.
Blood supply
Slackens tensed vocal ligaments for changes in pitch
recurrent laryngeal n.
superior & inferior laryngeal a.
Stapedius m.
Function
Inn.
Dampens vibrations of the stapes
Facial n.
Tensor tympani m.
Function
Inn.
Dampens movement of the malleus
n. to the medial pterygoid, mandibular n.
Parts of the Olfactory n. (CNI)
- Olfactory bulb
2. Olfactory tract
Optic n. (CNII) function
Carries visual sensory information from the retina to the diencephalon & midbrain
Optic chiasm function
axons arising from the nasal (medial) half of the retina cross the midline to the crontralateral optic tract
Oculomotor n., superior ramus function
motor - superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris
Oculomotor n., inferior ramus
motor - medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique
Parasympathetic - communication to the ciliary ganglion. Postgang follows short ciliary n. (ophthalmic division). Inn ciliary body and constrictor m. of the Iris
Trochlear n. (CNIV)
motor - superior oblique
Trigeminal n. Ophthalmic branch
sensory - skin (forehead, upper lid, & nose), cornea, mucosa (nasal) & extraocular m.
Lacrimal n.
sensory and post sym innervation of the lacrimal gland and skin overlying the lateral aspect of the upper lid and Forehead.
Post para of the lacrimal (from zygomatic n. in the pterygopalatine ganglion)
supraorbital n.
Sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the forehead
supratrochlear n.
Sensory and post sym innervation of the skin overlying the medial aspect of the forehead
Anterior ethmoidal n.
Sensory and post sym innervation of the mucosa of the superior aspect of the nasal cavity, skin overlying the nose
Posterior ethmoidal n.
Sensory and post symp innervation of the superior nasal cavity mucosa
Long ciliary
Sensory and post symp of the eye
Post symp of the dilator of the iris
short ciliary n.
Sensory and post sym of the eye
postgang of the dilator (symp) and constrictor (para) of the iris.
infratrochlear n.
sensory and post symp of the skin overlying the bridge of the nose
Maxillary n.
Sensory, post symp of skin (lower lid, nose, upper lip, cheek and cheek bone), mucosa (nasal cavity, oral cavity, and pharynx) and dental pulp (upper teeth)
Pharyngeal n. (maxillary
Sensory, post symp, post para of the mucus of the nasal pharynx and auditory tube
Lateral posterior superior nasal n.
Sensory, post symp, and post para of the mucosa of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Medial posterior superior nasal n.
Sensory, post symp, and post para of the nasal septum mucosa and anterior hard palate and associated gingiva
Greater palatine n.
Sensory, taste, post sym, post para of the hard palate mucosa and gingiva
Lesser palatine n.
Sensory, taste, post symp, post para of the mucosa (oral and pharngeal) of the soft palate
Zygomatic n.
Sensory, post symp of the skin over the zygomatic arch.
Post para of the lacrimal gland
Posterior superior alveolar n.
Sensory, post symp of the upper molar
Sensory, post symp, post para of the mucosa of the buccal gingiva
Infraorbital n.
Sensory, post symp of the skin of the upper lip, cheek, lateral nose, and lower lid
Sensory, post symp, post para of the mucose of upper lip, labial gingival
Middle superior alveolar n.
Sensory, post gang symp of upper premolars
Anterior superior alveolar n.
Sensory, post symp of the upper canines and incisors
Mandibular n.
Sensory (skin, mucosa, and muscles of mastication), motor and post symp
Meningeal branch n.
Sensory and Post smp of the cranial dura mater
Nerve to the medial pterygoid n.
Sensory, post symp, motor of the medial pterygoid, tensor palatini, and tensor tympani m.
Masseteric n.
Sensory, post symp, motor of the maserter m.
Deep Temporal n.
Sensory, post symp, motor of the temporalis m.
Nerve to the lateral pterygoid
Sensory, post symp, and motor of the lateral pterygoid
Buccal branch (long buccal n.)
Sensory and post symp of the buccal skin, mucosa, and gingiva
Auriculotemporal n.
Sensory, post symp of the TMJ, external auditory meatus, and skin anterior to the ear.
Sensory, post symp, post para of the parotid gland
Lingual n.
Sensory, post symp of the mucosa on the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue, floor of the oral cavity and adjacent gingiva.
Taste of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Sensory, post symp, post para of the lingual, sublingual, and submandibular glands
Inferior alveolar n.
Sensory, post symp of the lower teeth and adjacent buccal and labial gingiva
Mental n.
Sensory and post symp of the chin, lower lip, labial mucosa, and gingiva
N. to mylohyoid
Sensory, post symp and the mylohyoid and anterior digastric m.
Abducens n.
Sensory, post symp, motor of the lateral rectus m.
N. to stapedius
Motor of the stapedius m.
Chorda tympani m.
Sensory of the mucosa of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Pregang para of the submandibular ganglion
Greater Petrosal n.
Pregang para of the pterygopalatine gang
Sensory (taste) of the palate mucosa
Nerve of the pterygoid canal
Post symp and pre para of the ptergopalatine ganglion
Taste (palate)
Nerve to the stylohyoid m.
motor, post symp of the stylohyoid m.
Nerve to the posterior digastric m.
motor, post symp of the posterior belly of the digastric
Temporal branch of Facial n.
motor, post symp of obicularis oculi m.
Zygomatic branch of the facial n.
motor, post symp of the obicularis oculi m.
Buccal Branch of the facial n.
motor and post symp of the buccinator and nasalis m.
Marginal mandibular branch of the facial n.
motor, post symp facial m.
Cervical branch of the facial n.
motor, post symp of the platysma m.
Tympanic n. (lesser petrosal past the middle ear
sensory, post symp of the middle ear
pregang para of the otic ganglion
Carotid branch of the glosopharyngeal n.
sensory of the carotid sinus and body
Pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal n.
sensory, post symp of the mucosa of the upper pharynx
Tonsilar branch of the glossopharyngeal n.
sensory, post symp of the tonsilar mucosa
Ligual branch of the glossopharyngeal n.
sensory, post symp of the mucosa of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
N. to stylopharyngeus m.
Sensory, post symp, motor of the stylopharyngeus m.
Auricular branch of the vagus n. (in jugular fossa)
Sensory and post symp of the external auditory meatus and ear
Pharyngeal plexus of the vagus n. (in the neck and mediastinum)
Sensory, post symp, motor of the muscles of the pharynx and palate
Carotid n. branch of the vagus n. (in the neck and mediastinum)
Sensory and post symp of the caotid sinus and body
Internal laryngeal n.
Sensory, taste, post symp, pre paraof the oral and laryngeal pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx superior of the vocal folds
External laryngeal n.
sensory, post symp, motor, of the cricothyroid and inferior constrictor muscles
Recurrent laryngeal n.
sensory, post symp, motor of the larynx (except cricothyroid m.), inferior constrictor m.
Sensory, post symp, pre para of the tracheal, laryngeopharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa inferior to the vocal cords
Accessory n.
Post symp, motor of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
Hypoglossal n.
Sensory, post symp, and motor of the genioglossus, styloglossus, hyoglossus, and intrinsic tongue muscles
Suboccipital n.
Dorsal Ramus C1
Sens, post symp, motor of semispinalis capitis, inferior oblique, superior obliqe, rectus capitis posterior major, and rectus capitis posterior minor
Greater occipital n. - Medial branch
Sensory, post symp of the skin overlying the back of the head
Greater occipital n. - Lateral branch
sensory, post symp, motor of splenius capitis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis capitis m.
3rd occipital n.
Sensory, post symp of skin overlying the suboccipital triangle
Lesser occipital n.
Sensory, post symp of the skin overlying the posterior lateral aspect of the head and upper neck
Great auricular n.
Sensory, post symp of the skin overlying the upper SCM, lower parotid region, and ear
Transverse cervical n.
Sensory, post symp of the skin overlying the lower SCM and anterior neck
Supraclavicular n.
Sensory, post symp of the skin overlying the lower half of the posterior triangle of the neck
n. to geniohyoid m.
Sensory, post symp, and motor of the geniohyoid m.
n. to thyrohyoid m.
sensory, post symp, motor of the thyrohyoid m.
Superior root of the ansa cervicalis
Sensory, post symp, motor of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Inferior root of the ansa cervicalis
sensory, post symp, motor of the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and inferior belly of the omohyoid m.
Phrenic n.
sensory, post symp, motor of the diaphragm
Salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular
The soft palate has two surfaces
The anterior portion is in the oral cavity and the posterior surface in the oral pharynx
Frontal sinus drains into
the middle meatus via the frontonasal duct
Anterior ethmoidal air cells drain into
The middle meatus via the frontonasal duct
Middle ethmoidal air cells drains into
the middle meatus via the hiatus semilunaris
Posterior ethmoidal air cells drain into
the superior meatus
Sphenoidal sinus drains into
the sphenoethmoidal recess
Maxillary sinus drains into
the middle meatus
Vestibule is
The laryngeal cavity superior to the vestibular folds
Ventricle is
the laryngeal cavity between the vestibular and vocal folds
Infraglottic cavity is
the cavity inferior to the vocal folds
Inferior cornu of the Thryoid cartilage articulates with
the cricoid cartilage
Parts of the eye
Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Sclera
Lobes of the brain
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
Parts of the diencephalon
optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, infundibulum, Mammillary bodies
Parts of the midbrain
Cerebral peduncles, oculomotor n., Trochlear n.
Parts of the pons
Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, and Vestibulocochlear n.
Parts of the Medulla
Pyramids, olives, glossopharyngeal n, vagus n., hypoglossal n.
Meninges
Dura mater, arachnoid