Embryology Flashcards
Where does the embryo get it’s nutrition from up to week 3?
Trophoblast and yolk sac
What are the 6 regions of the heart tube?
Sinus venosum Primitive atrium Primitive ventricle Bulbus cordis Truncus arteriosus
3 types of congenital heart defects?
Acyanotic
Outflow Obstruction
Cyanotic
What are examples of Acyanotic congenital heart defects?
Ventricular septal defect
persistent ductus arteriosis
Atrial septal defect
Examples of Outflow obstruction congenital heart defect?
Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation of aorta (where the aorta narrows)
Examples of Cyanotic congenital heart defects?
Tetralogy of Fallot (right to left shunt)
Transposition of great arteries
What is the name of the tissue that forms the cortex of the kidney?
Metanephrogenic blastema
The three precursors of the kidney?
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros
What part of the mesoderm forms the kidneys?
Intermediate mesoderm
Some more common kidney abnormalities?
Bifid renal pelvis (two renal pelvises)
An additional uteric bud forming two ureters
How is the duct system and ureter formed?
Bifurcation of the ureteric bud
How are nephrons developed?
Developed from the metanephric blastema joining with part of the ureteric bud. The metanephric blastema forms the parts of the nephron and encapsulates capillaries to form a glomerulus
What is meant by the migration of the kidneys?
The fact the kidneys form quite low in the body and then rise through development. The ascending kidney is progressively revascularised by new branches from the dorsal aorta.
What is significant about the cloaca?
Where the urinary system and the digestive system join.
What’s the urogenital sinus?
The part of the developing embryo that becomes the bladder and urethra.
