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Intro to Imaging 100/102 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

A zygote is

A

a combination of 2 cells, sperm and ova

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2
Q

an embryo is

A

4 to 8 weeks old

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3
Q

a fetus is

A

past 8 weeks

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4
Q

what is the 16-cell stage of life called

A

morula

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5
Q

Cytogenesis is

A

development of cells

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6
Q

histogenesis is

A

formation of cells into tissues

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7
Q

organogenesis

A

formation of organs from tissues

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8
Q

what are the ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. What organs do each develop?

A

the three layers that the embryo consists of. Ectoderm develops the CNS, Mesoderm develops the circulatory/urinary sytems. the Endoderm develops the lungs and intestines.

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9
Q

Why does it take 2 weeks after menstruation for the conception to take palce

A

the ova is not released until ovulation

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10
Q

what is a yolk sac

A

the pre-placenta that provides the fetus with nutrients

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11
Q

what is the first system to become functional in the embryo? when?

A

the cardiovascular system. 5-6 weeks

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12
Q

what does the umbilical vein do?

A

brings oxygenated blood with nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

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13
Q

what do the 2 umbilical arteries do?

A

they bring deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

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14
Q

What do the vitelline veins become?

A

The IVC, SMV, IMV, Hepatic and Portal Veins

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15
Q

What does the portal vein develop from? When does it form?

A

The portal vein develops at week 8 from the vitelline veins.

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16
Q

What do the vitelline arteries become?

A

SMA, IMA, Celiac

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17
Q

Which section of the IVC originates from the proximal vitelline vein

A

hepatics

18
Q

Which 2 sections of the IVC originate from the subcardinal vein

A

Prerenal and Renal sections

19
Q

Which 2 sections of the IVC originate from the supracardinal vein

A

renal and postrenal sections

20
Q

When and where does the liver begin formation

A

Formed at 4 weeks by the ventral diverticulum

21
Q

What is Ductus venosus? Where is it located

A

It is a duct in the liver that connects the umbilical vein and IVC.

22
Q

What is the gallbladder formed by? Is it visible sonographically?

A

It is formed by the hepatic diverticulum. It is present in sonography but nonfunctional.

23
Q

which vein becomes ligament teres after birth? Which becomes ligament venosum?

A

The umbilical vein becomes ligament teres and ductus venosus becomes ligament venosum.

24
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral buds come from

A

the primitive foregut

25
Q

What does the dorsal bud of the pancreas do?

A

the dorsal portion forms the body and tail of the pancreas.

26
Q

What does the ventral bud of the pancreas do?

A

The ventral bud forms the head of the pancreas. It rotates to fuse with the dorsal portion.

27
Q

When does the spleen form? When does it start producing red and white blood cells?

A

It forms at week 5 of gestation and starts hematopoesis at week 11

28
Q

Where do the kidneys form?

A

In the pelvis. They migrate up.

29
Q

What are the 3 stages of kidney development and when do they occur?

A

Pronephros- week 4, mesonephros and metanephros at week 5 but they don’t become functional until week 8

30
Q

What does the Foregut form?

A

mouth, stomach, liver, pancreas

31
Q

What does the Midgut form?

A

distal duodenum, proximal colon

32
Q

What does the Hindgut form?

A

remainder of the colon

33
Q

When does the herniation of the midgut occur? How does it appear sonographically?

A

Week 5-10. The midgut herniates out of the abdomen and rotates before returning to the abdomen.

34
Q

Are the Wolffian ducts part of the male or female genital tract

A

male

35
Q

Where do the testicles develop

A

in the upper abdomen
near the kidneys

36
Q

How and When do the testicles get to their final location

A

In month 4, the testes descend to the level of the bladder until month 7 when they descend into the scrotum.

37
Q

Where do congenital malformations of the uterus come from?

A

They result from the incomplete fusion or agenesis of the Mullerian ducts

38
Q

When do mammary ridges develop?

A

They are visible by week 6 and have buds by week 8.

39
Q

What part of the primitive brain is formed at 3-4 weeks?

A

the neural tube

40
Q

What does the forebrain develop

A

Olfactory bulbs, optic tracts, pituitary glands

41
Q

What does the midbrain develop?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Intro to Imaging 100/102 (4 decks)

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