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Human Biology > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

How is a zygote formed?

A

When the sperm binds to the oocyte receptor (fertilisation)

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2
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

In the uterine tube

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3
Q

What is capacitation?

A

Maturation of sperm motility

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3
Q

What is the structural difference between a morula and a blastocyst?

A

Morula = solid ball of identical cells
Blastocyst = hollow ball of cells

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3
Q

What does the trophoblast become?

A

Placenta

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3
Q

Name the outer layer of the oocyte

A

Zona pellucida

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3
Q

Acrosomal reaction involves…

A

A release of enzymes to break through the zona pellucida

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4
Q

A zygote becomes a ____, then develops into a blastocyst

A

Morula

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5
Q

How does the inner cell mass of a blastocyst become an embryo?

A

Via cell differentiation

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6
Q

Describe cleavage in mitotic division

A

Rapid cell division of a zygote without growth

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7
Q

A pluripotent cell can…

A

Differentiate into any cell type of the embryo proper (ie. germ layers)

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8
Q

A multipotent cell can…

A

Differentiate into closely related cells; limited

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9
Q

An oligopotent cell can…

A

Differentiate into a few cell types

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10
Q

A totipotent cell can…

A

Differentiate into any cell type

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11
Q

The layers of the bilaminar disc are…

A

The hypoblast and epiblast

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12
Q

What is neurulation?

A

The formation of the CNS, where the neural plate forms the neural tube

13
Q

What happens when the tube fuses?

A

The neural crest cells detach to form the PNS

14
Q

Embryonic folding occurs at the ___ week of development

A

4th

15
Q

Gastrulation of a blastocyst is…

A

Differentiation of the epiblast of the bilaminar disc to form three layers

16
Q

What shape does the flat trilaminar disc fold into?

A

A cylinder

17
Q

Name the three layers of the ‘cylinder’

A

Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

18
Q

The endoderm is a precursor to…

A

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT)

19
Q

The mesoderm is a precursor to…

A

The musculoskeletal & circulatory system

20
Q

The ectoderm is a precursor to…

A

Tooth enamel, epidermis & accessory structures

21
Q

What is a placode?

A

An embryonic structire that gives rise to other structures

22
Q

Pharyngeal arches or branchial arches contain what two features?

A

A cranial nerve and vasculature

23
Q

The stomatodeum forms…

A

The mouth

24
Q

What structures does the first branchial arch form?

A

The mandibular and maxillary arch

25
Q

Name the cartilaginous structure of the first branchial arch

A

Meckel’s cartilage

Human Biology (9 decks)

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