EMBRYOLOGY

Question 1

what are the types of mesoderm?

Answer 1

the axial mesoderm, the paraxial mesoderm, the intermediate mesoderm and the lateral plate mesoderm

Question 2

what does the paraxial mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 2

notochord

Question 3

what does the paraxial mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 3

somitomeres, which give rise to mesenchyme of the head, sclerotomes, and dermatomes

Question 4

what does intermediate mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 4

connects the paraxial mesoderm with the lateral plate, eventually it differentiates into urogenital structures (kidneys, gonads, their associated ducts, and the adrenal glands)

Question 5

what does lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 5

heart, blood vessels and blood cells of the circulatory system as well as to the mesodermal components of the limbs.

Question 6

where are the brain and spinal cord derived from?

Answer 6

ectoderm - neural tube and neural crest

Question 7

what are the 3 primary brain vesicles?

Answer 7

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

Question 8

what are the 5 secondary brain vesicles?

Answer 8

telencephalon
diencepahlon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

Question 9

what does the telencephalon give rise to?

Answer 9

cerebrum and lateral ventricles

Question 10

what does the diencephalon give rise to?

Answer 10

thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland.

Question 11

what does the mesencephalon give rise to?

Answer 11

midbrain

Question 12

what does mesencephalon give rise to?

Answer 12

pons and cerebellum

Question 13

what does the myelencephalon give rise to?

Answer 13

medullar oblongata

Question 14

what are the 6 regions of the primitive heart tube?

Answer 14

Aortic roots (Arterial poles)
Truncus arteriosus
Bulbus cordis
Ventricle
Atrium
Sinus venosus (Venous poles)

Question 15

on what day does the heart begin looping? describe this

Answer 15

23
bulbus cordis moves ventrally, caudally, and to the right and the primitive ventricle moves dorsally, cranially and to the left

Question 16

whats the derivative of the 1st aortic arch?

Answer 16

part of maxillary artery

Question 17

whats the derivatives of the 2nd aortic arch?

Answer 17

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

Question 18

whats the derivative of the 3rd aortic arch?

Answer 18

common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery

Question 19

whats the derivative of the 4th aortic arch?

Answer 19

left becomes part of aortic arch

right becomes part of right subclavius

Question 20

whats the derivative of the 6th aortic arch?

Answer 20

proximal part of pulmonary arteries

left only becomes ductus arteriosus

Question 21

what does the 7th segmental aortic artery become?

Answer 21

left subclavian and part of right subclavian (along with 4th aortic arch)

Question 22

which aortic arteries regress?

Answer 22

1st (but remnant forms portion of maxillary artery)

2ns (but remnant forms portions of the hyoid and stapedial arteries)