- palatine tonsil - lymphatic nodule

- superior parathyroid gland - ultimobranchial body

Embryology Flashcards by Mickaela Igrubay

Ectoderm gives rise to?

Skin. Oral Cavity. Nervous System.

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Mesoderm gives rise to?

Muscles. Bones. Genitourinary System

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Endoderm gives rise to?

Respiratory System. Gastrointestinal System

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primitive oral cavity

stomodeum

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separates the stomodeum from the foregut

buccopharyngeal membrane

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fertilization period

implantation to 2nd week

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embryonic period

2nd week to 8th week

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fetal period

8th week to 36th week

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pharyngeal arch 1

*M= mauuna

meckel’s cartilage
muscles of mastication
CN V (trigeminal)

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pharyngeal arch 2

*similar kay pharyngeal arch 1

reichert’s cartilage
muscles of facial expression
CN VII (facial)

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pharyngeal arch 3

* 3 = 3rd line…

greater cornu of hyoid bone

- body of hyoid

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pharyngeal arch 4

* 4ryngeal

pharyngeal muscles

- laryngeal muscles & cartilages

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pharyngeal arch 6

*larynX = siX

laryngeal muscles

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Neural tube

brain

- spinal cord

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pharyngeal pouch 1

*pouch = inner

middle ear
tympanic tube
auditory tube

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pharyngeal pouch 2

palatine tonsil

- lymphatic nodule

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pharyngeal pouch 3

*3 = three = t

thymus

- inferior parathyroid gland

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pharyngeal pouch 4

superior parathyroid gland

- ultimobranchial body

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pharyngeal cleft 1

external auditory meatus

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pharyngeal cleft 2 - 4

cervical sinus

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anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

1st pharyngeal arch (lateral lingual swelling) + tuberculum impar

posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch + copula

1st pharyngeal arch divides into…

mandibular process
maxillary process
frontonasal process

Mandibular process

lower face
lower lip
mandible

Maxillary process

- mid face - cheeks - upper lip sides - maxilla - secondary palate (palatine process)

Frontonasal process

- lateral nasal process | - medial nasal process

Lateral nasal process | * nasa side (lateral)

- ala of the nose | - infraorbital area

Medial nasal process | * nasa gitna (medial)

- bridge and tip of the nose - medial nasal septum - globular process - intermaxillary segment

Globular process

- philtrum | - center of upper lip

Intermaxillary segment

- primary palate

Thyroid duct...

- Tuberculum impar + Copula

Oral Vestibule

- Vestibular lamina

remnant of thyroid duct

foramen cecum | found at terminal sulcus

non fusion of lateral lingual swellings of pharyngeal arch 1

bifid tongue

becomes nostrils

olfactory placodes

failure of maxillary process to fuse with the medial nasal process on both sides

bilateral cleft lip

failure of maxillary process to fuse with the medial nasal process on affected side

unilateral cleft lip

hard palate cleft

uranoschisis

soft palate cleft

staphyloschisis

both hard and soft palate involved

uranostaphyloschisis

BEQ: maxillary teeth are developed from which of the following embryonic structures?

pharyngeal arch 1 & globular process

BEQ: neural tube formation happens when?

2nd stage of neurulation, 18th to 23rd day post fertilization

Adult: Ligamentum arteriosum (Arteriosum=A=artery) Fetal? Associated structures?

Fetal: Ductus arteriosus | Assoc. structures: aorta, pulmonary artery

Adult: Ligamentum venosus (Venosum=V=vein) Fetal? Associated structures?

Fetal: Ductus venosus | Assoc. structures: umbilical vein, inferior vena cava

Adult: Foramen ovale Fetal? Associated structures?

Fetal: Fossa ovalis | Assoc. structures: right atrium, left atrium (bypass pulmocirculation)

Adult: Ligamentum teres of the liver, medial umbilical ligaments Fetal?

Fetal: Umbilical vein and arteries

1st week of prenatal development

ZYGOTE -> cleaves -> BLASTOMERE -> 32 cells -> MORULA

2nd week of prenatal development

*morula -> trophoblast, embryoblast, blastocoele disintegration of zona pellucida -> BLASTOCYST -> +endoderm, ectoderm

3rd week of prenatal development

``` > bilaminar germ disk: - ectoderm with primitive streak - endoderm > trilaminar germ disk: - + mesoderm > neurulation: - notocord on mesoderm - neural plate on ectoderm - neural plate = neural fold - notocord = neural tube - neural tube = neural crest cells - neural groove ```

4th week of prenatal development

infoldings appear | - head, tail, lateral folds

5th week of prenatal development

olfactory placodes -> nostrils | eyes become more prominent

6th week of prenatal development

Frontonasal process splits into: - medial nasal process * globular process * intermaxillary segment - lateral nasal process Eyes move infront Ears move to side of the head Vestibular lamina formation Odontogenesis