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NBDE R1 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Ectoderm gives rise to?

A

Skin. Oral Cavity. Nervous System.

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2
Q

Mesoderm gives rise to?

A

Muscles. Bones. Genitourinary System

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3
Q

Endoderm gives rise to?

A

Respiratory System. Gastrointestinal System

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4
Q

primitive oral cavity

A

stomodeum

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5
Q

separates the stomodeum from the foregut

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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6
Q

fertilization period

A

implantation to 2nd week

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7
Q

embryonic period

A

2nd week to 8th week

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8
Q

fetal period

A

8th week to 36th week

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9
Q

pharyngeal arch 1

*M= mauuna

A
  • meckel’s cartilage
  • muscles of mastication
  • CN V (trigeminal)
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10
Q

pharyngeal arch 2

*similar kay pharyngeal arch 1

A
  • reichert’s cartilage
  • muscles of facial expression
  • CN VII (facial)
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11
Q

pharyngeal arch 3

* 3 = 3rd line…

A
  • greater cornu of hyoid bone

- body of hyoid

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12
Q

pharyngeal arch 4

* 4ryngeal

A
  • pharyngeal muscles

- laryngeal muscles & cartilages

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13
Q

pharyngeal arch 6

*larynX = siX

A
  • laryngeal muscles
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14
Q

Neural tube

A
  • brain

- spinal cord

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15
Q

pharyngeal pouch 1

*pouch = inner

A
  • middle ear
  • tympanic tube
  • auditory tube
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16
Q

pharyngeal pouch 2

A
  • palatine tonsil

- lymphatic nodule

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17
Q

pharyngeal pouch 3

*3 = three = t

A
  • thymus

- inferior parathyroid gland

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18
Q

pharyngeal pouch 4

A
  • superior parathyroid gland

- ultimobranchial body

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19
Q

pharyngeal cleft 1

A
  • external auditory meatus
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20
Q

pharyngeal cleft 2 - 4

A
  • cervical sinus
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21
Q

anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A
  • 1st pharyngeal arch (lateral lingual swelling) + tuberculum impar
22
Q

posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A
  • 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal arch + copula
23
Q

1st pharyngeal arch divides into…

A
  • mandibular process
  • maxillary process
  • frontonasal process
24
Q

Mandibular process

A
  • lower face
  • lower lip
  • mandible
25
Q

Maxillary process

A
  • mid face
  • cheeks
  • upper lip sides
  • maxilla
  • secondary palate (palatine process)
26
Q

Frontonasal process

A
  • lateral nasal process

- medial nasal process

27
Q

Lateral nasal process

* nasa side (lateral)

A
  • ala of the nose

- infraorbital area

28
Q

Medial nasal process

* nasa gitna (medial)

A
  • bridge and tip of the nose
  • medial nasal septum
  • globular process
  • intermaxillary segment
29
Q

Globular process

A
  • philtrum

- center of upper lip

30
Q

Intermaxillary segment

A
  • primary palate
31
Q

Thyroid duct…

A
  • Tuberculum impar + Copula
32
Q

Oral Vestibule

A
  • Vestibular lamina
33
Q

remnant of thyroid duct

A

foramen cecum

found at terminal sulcus

34
Q

non fusion of lateral lingual swellings of pharyngeal arch 1

A

bifid tongue

35
Q

becomes nostrils

A

olfactory placodes

36
Q

failure of maxillary process to fuse with the medial nasal process on both sides

A

bilateral cleft lip

37
Q

failure of maxillary process to fuse with the medial nasal process on affected side

A

unilateral cleft lip

38
Q

hard palate cleft

A

uranoschisis

39
Q

soft palate cleft

A

staphyloschisis

40
Q

both hard and soft palate involved

A

uranostaphyloschisis

41
Q

BEQ: maxillary teeth are developed from which of the following embryonic structures?

A

pharyngeal arch 1 & globular process

42
Q

BEQ: neural tube formation happens when?

A

2nd stage of neurulation, 18th to 23rd day post fertilization

43
Q

Adult: Ligamentum arteriosum (Arteriosum=A=artery)
Fetal?
Associated structures?

A

Fetal: Ductus arteriosus

Assoc. structures: aorta, pulmonary artery

44
Q

Adult: Ligamentum venosus (Venosum=V=vein)
Fetal?
Associated structures?

A

Fetal: Ductus venosus

Assoc. structures: umbilical vein, inferior vena cava

45
Q

Adult: Foramen ovale
Fetal?
Associated structures?

A

Fetal: Fossa ovalis

Assoc. structures: right atrium, left atrium (bypass pulmocirculation)

46
Q

Adult: Ligamentum teres of the liver, medial umbilical ligaments
Fetal?

A

Fetal: Umbilical vein and arteries

47
Q

1st week of prenatal development

A

ZYGOTE -> cleaves -> BLASTOMERE -> 32 cells -> MORULA

48
Q

2nd week of prenatal development

A

*morula -> trophoblast, embryoblast, blastocoele disintegration of zona pellucida -> BLASTOCYST -> +endoderm, ectoderm

49
Q

3rd week of prenatal development

A 
> bilaminar germ disk:
- ectoderm with primitive streak
- endoderm 
> trilaminar germ disk:
- + mesoderm
> neurulation:
- notocord on mesoderm
- neural plate on ectoderm
- neural plate = neural fold
- notocord = neural tube
- neural tube = neural crest cells
- neural groove
50
Q

4th week of prenatal development

A

infoldings appear

- head, tail, lateral folds

51
Q

5th week of prenatal development

A

olfactory placodes -> nostrils

eyes become more prominent

52
Q

6th week of prenatal development

A

Frontonasal process splits into:

  • medial nasal process
  • globular process
  • intermaxillary segment
  • lateral nasal process

Eyes move infront
Ears move to side of the head
Vestibular lamina formation
Odontogenesis

NBDE R1 (3 decks)

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