Embryogenesis 2 (Chapter 4)

Question 1

What is the function of the testis determining factor (TDF)

Answer 1

It produces a protein that tells the gonad what to become, which in this case is testicles

Question 2

Which cells secrete anti-müllerian hormone?

Answer 2

Sertoli cells

Question 3

What are the two main functions of the anti-müllerian hormone (AMH)?

Answer 3

• Causes leydig cells to differentiate

- Degenerates the paramesonephric duct

Question 4

What is a freemartin?

What species does it mainly effect?

Answer 4

• It is an infertile female twin (when the other is a male)

- It mainly effects cattle

Question 5

How does a freemartin occur?

Answer 5

• A bull and heifer share the same placenta
• The testis develop first and produces AMH
• The hormone circles through the blood supply and makes the heifer infertile

Question 6

What structure is degenerated by AMH?

Answer 6

The paramesonephric duct

Question 7

In early male fetal growth the epithelial cords will become the ___

Answer 7

Seminiferous tubules

Question 8

What muscle is responsible for testis descent?

Answer 8

The gubernaculum muscle

Question 9

The opening of the body cavity where the testes descent is called the ___

Answer 9

Inguinal ring

Question 10

How does a hernia occur?

Answer 10

These occur when the inguinal ring does not fully close after the testis descend

Question 11

What species of animal is highly prone to hernias?

Answer 11

Swine

Question 12

The uterus and vagina result form a fusion of the ___ ducts

Answer 12

Paramesonephric

Question 13

In early female fetal growth the coelomic epithelium will become the ___

Answer 13

Cortex

Question 14

What is the name for the situation when a males testes do not descend and are left in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 14

Cryptorchidism