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ANSC 3122 > Embryogenesis > Flashcards

Embryogenesis Flashcards

0
Q

Genotypic sex in mammals

A

Male: XX
Female: XY
Determined at fertilization

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1
Q

Definition of sex

A

The sum total of morphological, physiological and psychological differences that distinguish a male from a female

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2
Q

Genotypic sex in avian species

A

Male: ZZ
Female: ZW
Determined at ovulation

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3
Q

Sex determination

A

Result of genotypic sex and sex differentiation or the development in the male or female direction

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4
Q

Primary sex ratio

A

At fertilization

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5
Q

Secondary sex ratio

A

At parturition/birth

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6
Q

Tertiary sex ratio

A

At puberty

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7
Q

Three germ layers

A

Endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm

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8
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive system, lungs, endocrine system

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9
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscle, skeleton, cardiovascular, reproductive system (uterus, cervix, part of vagina, epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory sex glands)

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10
Q

Ectoderm

A

Nervous system, skin, hair, mammary glands, hypothalamus and both loves of the pituitary gland, portions of the vagina, the penis and clitoris

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11
Q

Origination of the posterior pituitary gland

A

Neural tissue of the brain

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12
Q

Origination of the anterior pituitary gland

A

Stromodeal ectoderm from the roof of the mouth; diverticulum from roof of mouth is Rathke’s pouch and eventually forms anterior pituitary

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13
Q

Hypophysis

A

Pituitary gland

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14
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

Anterior lobe

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15
Q

Neurohypophysis

A

Posterior lobe

16
Q

Spenoid bone

A

Begins to surround the p. gland as it nears completion forming a protective cavity termed the sella turcica

17
Q

Early embryo sexual differentiation

A

Primordial germ cells develop

18
Q

Primordial germ cells

A

Originate in the yolk sac and migrate to and reside on the undifferentiated gonad

19
Q

Gonadal ridge/genital ridge

A

Undifferentiated gonad

20
Q

Three morphologically distinct renal systems

A

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

21
Q

Pronephros

A

Non-functional remnant of a primitive form of kidney found in lower animals, regresses

22
Q

Mesonephros

A

Functional, bilateral pair of intermediate kidneys which produce urine which is drained by mesonephric ducts

23
Q

Metanephros

A

Will develop functional nephrons and will serve as the kidneys of the newborn animal

24
Q

Paramesonephric ducts

A

Müllerian ducts, form adjacent to the mesonephros and associated mesonephric ducts

25
Q

TDF

A

Testis determining factor, single substance that regulates sexual differentiation, present on the Y chromosome

26
Q

Mesonephric tubules in males

A

Give rise to the efferent duct system; rete testis duct system and efferent ducts of the testis

27
Q

Mesonephric ducts in males

A

Give rise to the epididymis and the ductus deferens

28
Q

Paramesonephric ducts in females

A

Gives rise to the oviducts, uterus, cervix and cranial vagina

29
Q

Testicular descent

A

Requires rapid growth followed by significant shrinkage of the gubernaculum

30
Q

Freemartinism

A

Occurs when twins, male and female, share a common blood supply in utero. Male calf secretes TDF and AMH before female development pathway, female will be sterile with male behavior

31
Q

Kallman’s Syndrome

A

X-chromosome related. Lack of GnRH leads to no LH and FSH. Hypogonadotropin eunuchoidism, hypogonadism. Abnormal development of GnRH neurons in hypothalamus

32
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

Females. Lacking one sex chromosome. 1/2500 live births, anatomically hermaphrodite, sterile, can treat symptoms with steroids

33
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

Males, XXY, 1/1000, enlarged breasts, rounded body type, sparse facial and body hair, small testes, inability to produce sperm

34
Q

Testicular feminization

A

Normal XY males with lack of androgen receptors

ANSC 3122 (4 decks)

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