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MSK Exam 1 > Embryo for Practical > Flashcards

Embryo for Practical Flashcards

1
Q

What degenerates as the vertebral bodies form and gives rise to the nucleus pulposus (intervertebral discs) in embryo, fetus and young children?

A

Notochord

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2
Q

What germ layers form the epithelium?

A

ALL 3!

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3
Q

What is derived from the Ectoderm?

A
  • Epidermis of the skin & epidermal derivatives (ex. hair follicles, nails, glands)
  • CNS
  • PNS
  • Neural crest cells
  • Eyes
  • Internal ears
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4
Q

What is derived from the Mesoderm (intraembryonic)?

A
  • All skeletal muscle
  • Visceral smooth muscular coats
  • Serosal linings of all body cavities
  • Urogenital organs (i.e kidneys)
  • Most of the cardiovascular system – blood cells, lining of vasculature
  • Cartilage
  • Bones
  • Tendons
  • Ligaments
  • Dermis
  • Stroma of internal organs in the trunk
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5
Q

What is derived from the Endoderm?

A
  • Epithelial linings of the respiratory & digestive tracts
  • Glands opening into the GI tract
  • Glandular cells of accessory GI organs (liver & pancreas)
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6
Q

What part of the notochord grows into the sacral, coccygeal and tail regions?

A

Caudal notochord

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7
Q

Primary neurulation is associated with __-__ spine formation

A

Cervical-Lumbar

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8
Q

What is derived from neural crest cells?

A
  • Melanocytes
  • Odontoblasts
  • Schwann cells
  • Spinal & autonomic ganglia
  • Enteric nervous system
  • Suprarenal (adrenal) medulla
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9
Q

What gives rise to spinal epidural space?

A

Spinal Ectomeninx

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10
Q

What does the PNS develop from?

A
  • Neural crest cells
  • Neuroectoderm
  • Ectodermal Placodes
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11
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in a fetus?

A

S1

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12
Q

Where does the spinal cord/medullary cone end in an adult?

A

L1

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13
Q

What does the spinous process and lamina of the vertebral arch arise from?

A

Dorsal Sclerotome

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14
Q

What does the vertebral body arise from?

A

Ventral Sclerotome

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15
Q

What does the pedicles of vertebral arch, transverse processes & proximal ribs arise from?

A

Central Sclerotome

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16
Q

What do the distal ribs arise from?

A

Lateral Sclerotome

17
Q

A single vertebrae forms from adjacent __/__ segments of sclerotome

A

caudal/cranial

18
Q

What caudal/cranial sclerotomes form C1?

A

Caudal half of C1 + Cranial half of C2

19
Q

What caudal/cranial sclerotomes form T1?

A

Caudal half of C8 + Cranial half of T1

20
Q

Paired sternal bars arise in body wall from somatic layer of ___ ___ ___

A

Lateral Plate Mesoderm

21
Q

Nucleus Pulposa arises from what?

A

Notochordal Cells

22
Q

Annulus Fibrosus develops from what?

A

Annulus Fibrosus

23
Q

What forms from the Epaxial division (Epimere)?

A

Extensor muscles of the neck & vertebral column (ex. Iliocostalis, longissiums, spinalis, rotatores brevis, rotatores longus, multifidous, rectus capitis posterior major and minor. obliquus capitis inferior and superior, semispinalis capitis and cervicis)

24
Q

What forms from the Hypaxial division (Hypomere)?

A

Muscles of lateral and ventral body walls in the thorax and abdomen (ex. diaphragm, intercostal muscles, serratus anterior and posterior, abdominal muscles, limbs)

25
Q

What spinal nerves innervate epaxial muscles?

A

Dorsal ramus

26
Q

What do tendons connecting muscle and vertebrae arise from?

A

The syndetome

27
Q

What are the 3 components of the limb bud?

A
  • Stylopod
  • Zeugopod
  • Autopod
28
Q

What does the Stylopod form?

A
  • Humerus
  • Femur
29
Q

What does the Zeugopod form?

A
  • Radius & Ulna
  • Tibia & Fibula
30
Q

What does the Autopod form?

A
  • Carpals, metacarpals & phalanges
  • Tarsals, metatarsals & phalanges
31
Q

What does the Dorsal Muscle Mass form?

A
  • Extensors & supinators of upper arm
  • Extensors & abductors of lower limb
32
Q

What does the Ventral Muscle Mass form?

A
  • Flexors & pronators of upper limb
  • Flexors & adductors of lower limb
33
Q

What do limb tendons arise from?

A

The somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

34
Q

What does the dorsal ramus innervate?

A

Epimere (back muscles)

35
Q

What does the ventral ramus innervate?

A

Hypomere & limbs

36
Q

Muscles originating in dorsal muscle mass are innervated by ___ branch of ___ ___

A

Dorsal Branches of Ventral Rami

37
Q

Muscles originating in ventral muscle mass are innervated by ___ branch of ___ ___

A

Ventral Branches of Ventral Rami

38
Q

Limbs are supplied by branches of the ___ arteries (arise from dorsal aorta)

A

Intersegmental

39
Q

Vasculature of Upper Limb

A

Primary axial artery becomes the brachial artery & common interosseous artery -> ulnar & radial arteries

MSK Exam 1 (6 decks)

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