Embryo

Question 1

embryonic sources for eye tissue

Answer 1

neuroectoderm
surface ectoderm
mesenchyme (NCC and mesoderm)

Question 2

neuroectoderm structures of eye

Answer 2

smooth m of iris
epithelium of ciliary body
retina
optic N

Question 3

surface ectoderm structures of eye

Answer 3

lens

epithelium of cornea

Question 4

mesenchyme structures of eye

Answer 4

sclera
stroma of cornea
choroid (NCC!!!!)
stroma of iris
ciliary m
stroma of ciliary body

Question 5

what is the anterior chamber of the eye?

Answer 5

between cornea & iris

Question 6

what is the posterior chamber of the eye?

Answer 6

between iris & lens

Question 7

what is glaucoma?

Answer 7

buildup of aqueous humor (can’t drain into sclera venous sinus)…abnormal development of sclera venous sinus needed to drain aqueous humor

Question 8

where do extra-ocular muscles come from?

Answer 8

prechordal mesenchyme (develop down & around eye)

Question 9

what does the hyaloid artery become?

Answer 9

central retinal artery

Question 10

when do the choroidal vessels develop?

Answer 10

week 15

Question 11

what is the optic N derived from/

Answer 11

neuroectoderm (extension of brain)

Question 12

what is the optic stalk?

Answer 12

neuroectoderm..extension of the brain..NOT the optic N (a placeholder where optic N can grow its fibers)

Question 13

what is the importance of the optic stalk?

Answer 13

provides pathway for neurons of ganglion cells to grow back to brain

Question 14

How does papilladema occur?

Answer 14

retinal vessels (central retinal A & V) are covered by meninges & lie in extension of subarachnoid space so increased intracranial pressure can spread to eye (optic disc bulge)

Question 15

what is the embryonic cause of coloboma?

Answer 15

failure of optic fissure to close leaving gap in eye structure (runny iris)

Question 16

what are the main results of rubella virus for eye development?

Answer 16

cataracts, microphthalamos, glaucoma, pigmented retinopathy

Question 17

what do all structures of membranous labyrinth?

Answer 17

surface ECTODERM

Question 18

what does the bony labyrinth come from?

Answer 18

condensation of mesenchyme

Question 19

what do the vacuoles of bony labyrinth become?

Answer 19

scala vestibuli, scala tympani, perilymphatic space (semicirc ducts)

Question 20

causes of congenital deafness

Answer 20

maldevelopment of sound conduction apparatus of middle & external ears

neurosensory structures of inner ear

infection

Question 21

sound conduction issues assoc w/

Answer 21

First Arch Syndrome
Abnormalities of malleus & incus
Congenital fixation of stapes

Question 22

neurosensory structures of inner ear…

Answer 22

issues w/ surface ectoderm

Question 23

what infections can cause congenital deafness?

Answer 23

rubella (weeks 7-8 can cause defects in spiral organ)
Cytomegalovirus (sensiorineural deafness)
Toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
Zika

Question 24

what gives rise to the semicircular ducts?

Answer 24

utricular region of otic vesicle

Question 25

what structure is derived from neural crest?

Answer 25

malleus