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GI Relationships > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

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Conversation Starters flashcards
1
Q

Derivatives of Endoderm

A

Epithelium (except mouth and anal canal)

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2
Q

Mesoderm

A

Splanchnic

Smooth mm. And CT

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3
Q

Ectoderm

A

Mouth and anal canal

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4
Q

Neural Crest

A

ANS

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5
Q

Foregut

A 
Pharynx/derivatives
Respiratory system
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver/pancreas
Biliary apparatus 
Proximal duodenum
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6
Q

Midgut

A

Small intestine
Cecum/appendix
Ascending colon
R. 1/2 transverse colon

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7
Q

Hindgut

A 
L. 1/2 transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Superior anal canal
Epithelium of urinary bladder/urethra
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8
Q

Foregut vessel

A

Celiac Trunk

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9
Q

Midgut vessel

A

SMA

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10
Q

Hindgut vessel

A

IMA

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle of esophagus

A

Pharyngeal arches 4 & 6

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12
Q

Smooth muscle of esophagus

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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13
Q

LARP (stomach development/rotation)

A

Left Anterior

Right Posterior

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14
Q

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

Hypertrophy of circular and some longitudinal muscles in the pylorus
Presentation:
- Post-feeding (nonbilious) projectile vomiting
- Few stools
- Fail to gain weight
*Possible olive-like mass @ L1

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15
Q

Pancreas (dorsal primordia)

A

Body
Tail
Part of Head

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16
Q

Pancreas (ventral primordia)

A

Head
Unicate process
(Main duct is from ventral duct)

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17
Q

Pancreatic Rotation

A

When duodenum rotates right, ventral pancreatic bud goes dorsally

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18
Q

Annular Pancreas

A

When ventral bud becomes bifed and rotates to the left to fuse with dorsal bud around 2nd part of duodenum
**Can lead to obstruction in duodenum (with bilious vomit)

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19
Q

Midgut Rotation

A

Leaves abdominal cavity for umbilicus @ W6 (returns @ W10)
Rotates 90* in umbilical cord (then another 180* in return) (Total 270* rotation)

SMA herniates out into umbilical cord @ W6 (liver grows too much)
Returns @ W10 when body has grown enough

20
Q

Omphalocele

A

W10
Failure of bowel to return to body cavity
*not an umbilical hernia

21
Q

Gastroschisis

A

W4 Failure of anterior ab. Wall to close

22
Q

Hirschsprung’s Disease

A

Absence of ganglion cells (d/t failure of Neural crest migration)
Leads to mega colon (d/t loss of motility, feces get “stuck”)

23
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

Herniation of abdominal organs into thoracic cavity

D/t failure of diaphragmatic components to fuse properly

24
Q

Nonrotation of Midgut

A

SI sits on right side
LI on left side
Side-by-side

25
Q

Reversed Rotation of Midgut

A

Duodenum become anterior to transverse colon (possible colon obstruction)

26
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

Abnormality of Vitelline duct (it normally regresses)
Causes a projection from ileum to abdominal wall

Rule of 2s

  • 2 year olds
  • 2 inches long
  • 2x more likely in M vs. F
  • 2 types of ectopic tissue (gastric and pancreatic)
  • 2% population
  • 2 ft. From IC Jxn
27
Q

Urorectal Septum

A

Grows toward cloacal membrane
Divides into urogenital membrane and anal membrane
Composed of Endo/ectoderm (no mesoderm because we need to open it up)

28
Q

Anal Canal

A

Superior portion from Hindgut

Inferior portion from proctodeum

29
Q

Superior Anal canal

A

Upper 2/3
Blood: IMA
Nerves: ANS
Lymph: Inf. Mesenteric LNs

30
Q

Inferior Anal Canal

A

Lower 1/3
Blood: middle/inf. Rectal aa.
Nerves: Pudendal n. (Somatic)
Lymph: Sup. Inguinal LNs

31
Q

Anorectal Malformations

A

Occur if Endo/ectoderm do not meet up properly

Septum should migrate and separate the cloaca

32
Q

Pleura-peritoneal Membrane

A

Septum Transversum meets with pleuroperitoneal membranes (somatic layer of lateral plate)

33
Q

Diaphragm Formation

A

Septum Transversum (central tendon)
Pleuroperitoneal membranes
Dorsal mesentery of esophagus (cruras)

34
Q

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

Results from defective formation/fusion of pleuroperitoneal membranes
Opening in foremen of Bochdalek (most on Left side)

Associated with hypoplastic lungs/polyhydramnios

35
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Mesentery is double layer of serous membrane

Dorsal mesentery- attaches to posterior wall
Ventral mesentery- attaches to anterior wall

*Splanchnic Mesoderm

36
Q

Dorsal Mesocardium

A

Degenerates leaving the transverse pericardial sinus

37
Q

Dorsal mesogastrium

A

Greater Omentum (4 total layers)
Splenorenal l.
Gastrosplenic l.

38
Q

Ventral Mesogastrium

A

Lesser Omentum

39
Q

Ventral Mesentery

A

Falciform L.

40
Q

Mesoduodenum

A

Mesentery around duodenum

41
Q

Mesentery proper

A

Mesentery containing jejunum and ileum

42
Q

Mesocolon

A

Mesentery around transverse colon and sigmoid colon

43
Q

Mesorectum

A

Mesentery around rectum

44
Q

Thoracic Esophagus and Anus

A

RETROPERITONEAL

45
Q

Intraperitoneal Structures

A 
Stomach
Tail of pancreas
1st part of duodenum
Jejunum 
Ileum 
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
46
Q

Retroperitoneal Structures

A

Pancreas (except tail)
Ascending/Descending colon
Duodenum (2,3,4th parts)

GI Relationships (7 decks)

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