Embryo

Question 1

What are the three kidneys that develop?

Answer 1

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Question 2

What is the role of the pronephros?

Answer 2

Develops in early week 4
Forms pronephric ducts and pronephric tubules
Degenerates in late week 4

Not functional

Question 3

What is the role of the mesonephros?

Answer 3

Appears in lat week 4 and is functional until week 11

Forms the mesonephric ducts and mesonephric tubules

Question 4

What is the role of the metanephros?

Answer 4

Begins to develop in week 5 and is functional and definitive
Forms the ureteric bud (AKA the metanephric duct or metanephric diverticulum)
Forms the Metanephrogenic blastema (or mass) (AKA Metanephric Cap)

Question 5

Ureteric bud forms what?

Answer 5

the collecting system (calyces and renal pelvis

Question 6

Metanephric cap forms what?

Answer 6

Nephron

Question 7

What is Unilateral Renal Agenesis?

Answer 7

Development of only one kidney

More common in males (usually left kidney is missing)

Due to ureteric bud abnormality

Question 8

What is bilateral renal agenesis?

Answer 8

Both kidneys fail to develop

Associated with oligohydramnios (reduced amniotic fluid, fetus can’t produce urine which adds to amniotic fluid)

Can survive with dialysis and kidney transplant

Question 9

When do kidneys ascend to adult position?

Answer 9

Week 9, results from caudal growth of embryo, and rotates 90 degress during ascent

Kidneys receive blood from vessels closest to them through ascent

Question 10

What is Pelvic Kidney?

Answer 10

Ectopic Kidney (out of normal position) - located in pelvis, did not ascend properly

Lattuce of vessels blocks ascent

Question 11

What is horshoe kidney?

Answer 11

Kidneys are attached to each other and this prevents them form ascending due to the Inferior mesenteric Artery (IMA)

Question 12

What is cystic kidney disease?

Answer 12

Two kinds, Autosomal recessive polycycstic disease and multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

Cysts form in kidney mpeding function

Question 13

What is the ureter derrived from?

Answer 13

Mesonephric and metanephric ducts

Question 14

What is the bladder derived from?

Answer 14

Hindgut endoderm

Question 15

What is the trigone derived from?

Answer 15

Mesoderm

Question 16

What are the three parts of the urogenital sinus?

Answer 16

• Vesicle part: bladder
• Pelvis Part: Just urethra in females, prostatic and membranous urethra in males
• Phallic Part: Lining of vaginal vestibules and spongy urethra

Question 17

Describe the three allantois abnormalities

Answer 17

Urachal Fistula (patent urachus): No umbilical ligament, Urinary bladder continuous with belly button; urine leaks out belly button when voiding

Urachal Cyst: Rarely causes problems, cyst connected along the umbilical ligament

Urachal Sinus: No umbilical ligament, bladder not continuous with belly button, but belly button is very deep.

Question 18

What is exstrophy of the bladder?

Answer 18

Ectopic bladder (bladder outside body)

Arises during 4th week of body folding

Defective closure of abdominal wall

Question 19

What is epispadias?

Answer 19

Improper location of genital tubercles (forms penis) caudal to cloacal membrane. Urethral opening on upper side of penis rather than tip

Question 20

Patent urachus

Answer 20

Urinate out belly button

Question 21

What tissue forms the suprarenal glands?

Answer 21

Medulla (think brain; think neuro): neural crest - chromaffin cells

Capsule: Mesonephric mesoderm (intermediate mesoderm)

Cortex forms in week 6 from coelomic epithelium (somatic mesoderm)