embryo

Question 1

when is the end of the undifferentiated stage of the embryo?

Answer 1

week 6

Question 2

when does body folding occur?

Answer 2

week 4

Question 3

when does gastrulation occur?

Answer 3

week 3

Question 4

what is created from intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 4

urogenital system
gonads
ducts
seminal vesicles
upper vagina

Question 5

what is created from endoderm?

Answer 5

prostate
lower vagina
bulbourethral glands/greater vestibular glands

Question 6

when do the testes reach the inguinal area?

Answer 6

week 12

Question 7

when do the testes migrate through the inguinal canal?

Answer 7

week 28

Question 8

when do the testes reach the scrotum?

Answer 8

week 33

Question 9

what happens during the 6th week?

Answer 9

germ cells migrate from the hindgut to the genital ridge (on medial aspect of urogenital ridge)
epithelium proliferates to primitive sex cords -> testes cords

Question 10

what happens in males during week 8

Answer 10

formation of rete testes from testes cords
tunica albuginea forms
leydig cells produce testosterone
testes cords form seminiferous tubules

Question 11

how does the descent of the testes work?

Answer 11

gubemaculum + genital ligament grow from inguinal region and guid the testes down
pulls gonadal a. and testicular v. with them

Question 12

where do the coverings of the testes originate from?

Answer 12

ant. abd wall

Question 13

what is cryptorchidism?

Answer 13

when one or both testes dont descend properly

Question 14

what is hypospodias?

Answer 14

urethral folds dont fully close

Question 15

what does the genital tubercle turn into?

Answer 15

female-clitoris

male- phalus

Question 16

what do the genital swellings turn into?

Answer 16

male-scrotal swellings

female-labia majora

Question 17

what do the urethral folds turn into?

Answer 17

male- urethra

female- labia minora

Question 18

explain male differentiation of the ducts

Answer 18

SRY gene -> testes
sertoli cells -> MIS -> paramesonephric ducts degenerate
Leydig -> testosterone -> mesonephric ducts develop

Question 19

what do the mesonephric ducts turn into in males?

Answer 19

epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicle
ejaculatory duct
urethra

Question 20

what does the UG sinus turn into for males?

Answer 20

bladder
urethra
anus
prostate
bulbourethral glands

Question 21

explain the female differentiation of the ducts

Answer 21

WNT4 gene -> ovary
estrogen -> paramesonephric ducts persist
no testosterone -> mesonephric ducts degenerate

Question 22

what do the paramesonephric ducts in females create?

Answer 22

uterine tubes (unfused)
uterus (fused)
cervix (fused)
superior vagina (fused)

Question 23

what does the UG sinus create in females?

Answer 23

inferior vagina
greater vestibular glands
paraurethral glands

Question 24

what is a bircornate uterus?

Answer 24

incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

Question 25

what happens in week 6 of a female embryo?

Answer 25

germ cells migrate -> primitive sex cords -> cell clusters (cortical cords) -> follicular and surround the germ cells that become the primary oocytes