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HISTOPATH MTAP > EMBEDDING - TRIMMING - SECTIONING - MICROTOME > Flashcards

EMBEDDING - TRIMMING - SECTIONING - MICROTOME Flashcards

1
Q

Aka: Casting/Blocking

A

EMBEDDING

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2
Q

● Process by which the impregnated tissue is placed into a precisely arranged position in a mold containing a medium which is then allowed to solidify

A

EMBEDDING

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3
Q

○ Process by which a tissue is arranged in precise positions in the mold during embedding,
■ On the microtome before cutting and on the slide before staining

A

● Orientation

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4
Q

The surface of the section to be cut should be placed parallel to the bottom of the mold in which it is oriented

A

EMBEDDING

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5
Q

Temperature of melted paraffin used for embedding

A

5-10℃ above its Melting Point

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5
Q

What is the other name of “Embedding”?

A

According to Gregorios it is otherwise
known as “Casting” or “Blocking”

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6
Q

To solidify embedded tissue

A

Cooled rapidly in a ref (-5℃) or immersed in cold water

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7
Q

STEPS IN EMBEDDING

A
  1. Removed the tissue from the cassette
  2. Fill the mold with wax
  3. Orientate the tissue
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8
Q

● Process of removing excess wax after embedding.

A

TRIMMING

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8
Q

is performed in the paraffin oven.

A

Embedding

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9
Q

● The excess wax is cut off from the block to expose the tissue surface in preparation for actual cutting.
● Knife/Blade may be used.

A

TRIMMING

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10
Q

Correct shape of the block:

A

Four-sided prism or Truncated pyramid

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11
Q

● Also known as cutting or microtomy

A

SECTIONING

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12
Q

● The process by which a processed tissue is cut into
uniformly thin slices (sections) to facilitate studies under the microscope.

○ Sections (Gregorio’s) or Ribbon

A

SECTIONING

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13
Q

Routine tissue microtomy

A

3 - 5 u

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14
Q

Frozen sections

A

10 - 15 u

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14
Q

Very thin sections
- For electron microscopy

A

60 - 100 nm

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15
Q

Semi-thin sections
- For electron microscopy

A

0.5 - 1 um

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15
Q

● For cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin-embedded tissues
● The simplest microtome

A

Rocking Microtome

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16
Q

Inventor of Rocking Microtome

A

Paldwell Trefall in 1881

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17
Q

Disadvantage:

● Difficulty in re-orienting the block

A

Rocking Microtome

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18
Q

● For cutting paraffin-embedded
sections

A

Rotary / Minot Microtome

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19
Q

Inventor of Rotary / Minot Microtome

A

Minot in 1885-1886

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20
Q

● The most common microtome used today especially for paraffin-embedded tissues

A

Rotary / Minot Microtome

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21
Q

Some microtomes have digital
indicators to adjust the thinness of the sections to be cut.

A

Rotary / Minot Microtome

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22
Q

● For cutting celloidin-embedded
sections

A

Sliding Microtome

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23
Q

Inventor of Sliding Microtome

A

Adams in 1789

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24
Q

The most dangerous type due to
movable exposed knife

A

Sliding Microtome

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25
Q

2 types of Sliding Microtome:

A
  1. Base-Sledge
  2. Standard Sliding Microtome
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26
Q

can be used for all types of media
- Block holder: moving
- Knife: stationary

A

Base-Sledge

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27
Q
  • Block holder: stationary
  • Knife: moving
A

Standard Sliding Microtome

28
Q

It is another type of microtome

A

Rotary Rocking Microtome

29
Q

Disadvantage:
● Sections are liable to disintegrate

A

Vibratome

29
Q

● Used for unfixed, unfrozen specimen sectioning for enzyme demonstrations

A

Vibratome

30
Q

● For cutting sections for electron
microscopy

A

Ultrathin Microtome

31
Q

Temperature: Ultrathin Microtome

A

0-4 degree celsius

32
Q

Impregnating medium of Ultrathin Microtome

A

Plastic or resin impregnating media

33
Q

Uses diamond knives or broken plate glass

○ Broken plate glass is only
used as an ALTERNATIVE to
diamond knives

A

Ultrathin Microtome

34
Q

● For cutting of unembedded frozen sections

A

Freezing Microtome

34
Q

Plane Concave

Usual Length:
Description:

A

25 mm

One side
● flat
Other side
● concave

34
Q

● Specimen is small, fixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in plastic

A

Ultrathin Microtome

35
Q

Among the two types of sliding microtome, which is the most dangerous type?

A

Standard sliding microtome is the most dangerous type because of the exposed movable knife

35
Q

Inventor of Freezing Microtome

A

Queckett in 1848

36
Q

Plane Wedge

Usual Length:
Description:

A

100 mm

Both sides
● straight

36
Q

Biconcave

Usual Length:
Description:

A

120 mm

Both sides
● concave

37
Q

● How far the knife is from the
tissue block

A

Clearance Angle

38
Q

Clearance Angle

A

0 to 15 degrees

39
Q

Bevel Angle

A

27 to 32 degrees

40
Q

● Types of Hones (3)

A

○ Belgium Yellow
○ Fine Carborundum
○ Arkansas

40
Q

● Removal of gross nicks

A

Honing

41
Q

gives the best honing result

A

Belgium Yellow

42
Q

● Knife direction:
○ Heel to toe

A

Honing

43
Q

● Removal of burr

A

Stropping

44
Q

● Knife direction:
○ Toe to heel

A

Stropping

45
Q

● Instrument:
○ Paddle strop

A

Stropping

46
Q

made up of horse leather

A

Paddle strop

47
Q

TEMPERATURE OF FLOATATION WATER BATH (2)

A

● 45-50 degrees Celsius
● 6-10 degrees Celsius LOWER than the melting point of wax

47
Q

Why LOWER than the melting point of wax

A

If the temperature is higher than the melting point, the ribbons will melt, and the tissues will submerge to the bottom

48
Q

Electron Microscopy

A

0-10°C

49
Q

Fixation Surgical Specimen

A

25°C

50
Q

Paraffin Oven for Impregnation

A

55-60°C or 2-5°C ABOVE the melting point of paraffin wax

51
Q

Embedding

A

5-10°C ABOVE the melting point of paraffin wax

52
Q

Microwave Fixation

A

45-55°C

53
Q

Most common adhesive agent

A

Mayer’s Egg Albumen

54
Q

Components of Mayer’s Egg Albumen (2)

A

○ Egg white/Albumen
○ Crystals of Thymol

55
Q

to prevent growth of molds

A

Crystals of Thymol

56
Q

Used to enhance tissue adherence to slides

A

Dried Albumin

57
Q

Commonly used for coating slides
to improve tissue section adhesion

A

Gelatin

58
Q

Provides strong adhesion and
prevents tissue loss during staining

A

Gelatin-Form aldehyde Mixture

59
Q

Simple and effective adhesive for
mounting specimens

A

Starch paste

60
Q

Effective natural adhesive agent for tissue sections

A

Plasma

61
Q

Enhances cell attachment,
particularly useful for immunohistochemistry

A

Poly-L-Lysine

62
Q

3-APES meaning

A

3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane

63
Q

● APES-coated slides
○ very useful in cytology, particularly for cytospin
preparations of proteinaceous or bloody material

A

3-APES
(3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane)

64
Q

(2) STAGES OF KNIFE SHARPENING

A

(1) Honing
(2) Stropping

HISTOPATH MTAP (5 decks)

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