Embalming Flashcards
It is required to receive authorization prior to executing the embalming procedure. With respect to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), receiving or not receiving authorization impacts:
A. The funeral home’s legal ability to cremate the body.
B. The funeral home’s legal ability to provide public visitation.
C. The funeral home’s legal ability to charge consumers for this service.
D. Authorization for embalming is actually not required by FTC.
C. The funeral home’s legal ability to charge consumers for this service.
Which task should be performed before all others listed here?
A. Close the mouth.
B. Wash the body.
C. Disinfect the body with droplet spray.
D. Position the body.
E. Remove the calvarium.
C. Disinfect the body with droplet spray.
The body you are preparing to embalm is clothes and wrapped in bedding. You have noticed that both the clothing and the bedding are soiled with body fluids and feces. You have decided to remove both items from the body. What will you do with those items?
A. Soiled clothing should either be destroyed (with proper authorization) or laundered and returned to the family.
B. All contaminated bedding should be destroyed (with proper authorization) and returned to the family.
C. Carefully place them on the prep room floor (secured corner area of the room).
D. Normally, these items are removed at the hospital or nursing home. If so, these items are left behind at the said facility.
E. A and B
E. A and B
As you begin to wash the body surfaces, you notice the presence of dirt beneath the fingernails, which of the following is a true statement?
A. the fingernails are always cleaned after embalming.
B. It is much easier to remove dirt from under the nails after embalming.
C. Never use solvent to remove the dirt.
D. At this time (before embalming) the fingernails can be cleaned.
E. A and C.
D. At this time (before embalming) the fingernails can be cleaned.
You have complete the arterial injection of the body via the right common carotid artery. You notice areas of incomplete distribution of preservative solution. You attempt to raise a second artery to embalm these areas. Upon completion of this task, distribution of arterial solution is still lacking. Which of the following is the most reasonable and prudent next step?
A. Move on to the cavity embalming. Osmosis will take care of the aforesaid problem.
B. Dress the body in a plastic union-all.
C. Supplement arterial embalming by using hypodermic injection of preservative and surface compress of preservative.
D. Pour embalming powder over the un-embalmed area. Cover, and then hermitically seal the area with plastic.
E. A and D
C. Supplement arterial embalming by using hypodermic injection of preservative and surface compress of preservative.
Now you are ready to treat the body cavities. Which of the following is an acceptable time to begin aspiration of the body cavities?
A. Several hours after arterial injection.
B. Immediately following arterial injection.
C. Never. Alone, the arterial embalming method will satisfactorily embalm the body.
D. A and B
E. None of the above
D. A and B
After the embalming process is complete, you attempt to terminally disinfect your work environment. You are planning to sanitize the area with a solution containing hypochlorite (as found in laundry bleach). However, you first notice a volume of cavity fluid (containing formaldehyde) has spilled on the floor, which of the following is most prudent?
A. First, neutralize the cavity fluid with laundry bleach, then rinse with water and mop up the remaining liquid.
B. To absorb the cavity fluid, first pour embalming powder on the spilled liquid. This step is followed by sweeping the area with a broom.
C. Immediately rinse the area with water. Contact between the formaldehyde and hypochlorite may result in the formation of bischloramethyl ether (BCME), a known carcinogen.
D. Lock all the doors, turn off the ventilation, remove your oral/nasal mask, take a deep breath and carefully think about your next move.
E. Cover the area with a towel or sheet to absorb the cavity fluid.
C. Immediately rinse the area with water. Contact between the formaldehyde and hypochlorite may result in the formation of bischloramethyl ether (BCME), a known carcinogen.
With respect to the OSHA formaldehyde standard, a specific point at which an 8-hour exposure needs to be addressed is called the action level. This level is represented by an exposure of.
A. 5 ppm
B. 2 ppm
C. .75 ppm
D. .5 ppm
D. .5 ppm
The permissible level with respect to the 15 minute test is?
A. 2 ppm
B. .75 ppm
C. 5 ppm
D. 66 ppm
A. 2 ppm
Which of the following is NOT an area directly impacted by OSHA with respect tot he funeral industry?
A. OSHA general rule
B. Bloodborne pathogen rule
C. Formaldehyde standard
D. Securing authorization for embalming
D. Securing authorization for embalming
Which of the following destroy pathogens that are deposited on or enter the living body, contamination followed by decontamination?
A. Mucous membranes B. Phagocytes C. Hydrochloric acid of the stomach D. Lysosomes E. All of the above F. None of the above
E. All of the above
Permission from the next-of-kin should be sought under which of the following circumstances?
A. Removal of a pacemaker from the body, in the event that the body is to be cremated.
B. The body is to be openly viewed in your stateroom for three days. You wish to embalm the body and charge the family for this service.
C. You wish to perform a restoration that requires a great deal of time and expertise (assume the victim died of trauma as the result of a car accident).
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding embalming tissue?
A. Embalmed tissues become drier
B. Embalming reactivates active lipid centers
C. Embalmed tissues develop an affinity for water.
D. Embalmed tissue produces new protein like substances, which are less stable.
E. None of the above
A. Embalmed tissues become drier
Which of the following is considered a fixed factor in embalming?
A. The body B. The embalming solution C. The operator D. The instruments and equipment E. None of the above
E. None of the above
You are presenting funeral service information to a civic group. During a question and answer session, a member of the audience asks several questions. Please provide the most accurate answer (according to your text, course pack, lecture and glossary) to each question.
What is the length of time that an embalmed body will remain preserved?
A. An embalmed body will remain preserved indefinitely
B. At least 20 years
C. The same length of time as that of the Egyptian mummies
D. There is no way to determine the degree or length of time preservation can be maintained.
E. A & C only
D. There is no way to determine the degree or length of time preservation can be maintained.
You are presenting funeral service information to a civic group. During a question and answer session, a member of the audience asks several questions. Please provide the most accurate answer (according to your text, course pack, lecture and glossary) to each question.
What is the purpose of embalming?
A. To only sanitize the remains in an effort to protect the public health.
B. To only temporarily preserve the remains throughout the memorial event.
C. To only restore the body to a natural appearance.
D. A and B only
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
Which of the following serve to protect humans from infection during life?
A. Blood brain barrier B. Epithelial barriers C. Translocation D. A and B E. All of the above
D. A and B
Which of the following are extrinsic factor(s) as it relates to the permanence of biological preservation of human remains?
A. Body condition B. Complete embalming C. Protective vault D. Thoroughness of embalming E. None of the above.
C. Protective vault
Which of the following are intrinsic factor(s) as it relates to the permanence of biological preservation of human remains?
A. Protective casket B. Protective burial vault C. Burial conditions (for example a dry grave) D. All of the above E. None of the above
E. None of the above
Which of the following are variable factor(s) contributing to the length of preservation of human remains?
A. Concentrated fluid B. The embalmer C. The body D. Instruments and equipment E. All above EXCEPT A
E. All above EXCEPT A
The reference to the formaldehyde standard there are two types of tests that must occur in every funeral home where formaldehyde is used, the time weighted average over a period of ____ hours and the short term exposure level, over a period of ____ minutes.
A. 6; 20 B. 15; 8 C. 20; 6 D. 8; 15 E. All of the above are correct
D. 8; 15
Which of the following should you do first when you are going to utilize refrigeration storage, identification, or viewing without embalming?
A. Apply massage cream on the face, neck and hands
B. Place a clean gown on the body
C. Secure the arms and legs of the body with ties around the plastic sheeting using cloth strips.
D. Attach an ID tag.
D. Attach an ID tag.
Which of the following is NOT considered an intrinsic factor regarding embalming analysis?
A. Cause and/or manner of death B. Conditions of the body C. Livor mortis D. The embalmer E. None of these are correct
D. The embalmer
A result of the failure of the embalmer to remove as much blood out of the body as possible; leading to a reaction of formaldehyde with hemoglobin to form methylhemglobin is known as.
A. Algor morits B. Blood sludge C. Desiccation D. Desquamation E. Formaldehyde gray
E. Formaldehyde gray
Which of the following is acceptable preparation of the body prior to injection?
A. The face may be tilted to the left, about 15 degrees, which is generally the preferred casketing position.
B. The hands are always placed on the abdomen (left hand on top of the right hand)
C. The body should be placed on the table with the head, shoulders, and feet on the same horizontal plane (or level).
D. The neck must be aligned in such a way that there will be no interferences with distribution of solution and drainage.
E. All of these are correct.
D. The neck must be aligned in such a way that there will be no interferences with distribution of solution and drainage.
A body will naturally decompose more slowly in which of the following environments.
A. Exposed to air
B. Submersed in cool water
C. Buried directly in soil
D. None of these are correct, the rate of decomposition is dependent only upon cause of death.
A. Exposed to air
Which is true regarding the shaving of facial hair?
A. Shaving not only improves the appearance but also helps stimulate arterial solution distribution during injection.
B. It is performed only after arterial embalming
C. Facial hair is never removed
D. It is much easier to remove a mustache or beard before arterial injection
E. None of these is correct
D. It is much easier to remove a mustache or beard before arterial injection
A method of mouth closure in which the suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin.
A Chin rest B. Dental tie C. Muscular suture D. Madibular suture E. Mentalis surface
C. Muscular suture
Which of the following will accelerate the rate of natural human decomposition?
A. Corpulence
B. Dehydration
C. Freezing temperature
D. Pressure exerted by the weight of soil (Casper’s law)
A. Corpulence
Which will decompose more slowly?
A. Lining of the trachea B. Lining of the larynx C. Pregnant uterus D. Arteries E. Brain of the infant
D. Arteries
Which is true regarding problems associated with rigor mortis?
A. The condition affects only muscles and usually all of the muscles of the body are affected.
B. Rigor mortis preserves tissue
C. Body positioning becomes less difficult
D. Absorption of preservation is increased.
E. All are correct
A. The condition affects only muscles and usually all of the muscles of the body are affected.
Any one of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins; indole, skatole, cadaverine and putrescine.
A. Amino acids
B. Proteins
C. Lipids
D. ptomaines
D. ptomaines
You are contacted by a mother and father to handle the disposition arrangements of their deceased son. They tell you that the body is located at the medical examiner’s office and ready to be released. Further, they advise that the death occurred several days before the discovery of the body. When making the removal, you notice evidence of decomposition of the male Caucasian body.
Upon touching the body, you notice that is appears cool in temperature. The postmortem cooling of the body is known as…
A. Agonal algor
B. Postmortem caloricity
C. Agonal fever
D. Algor mortis
D. Algor mortis
You are contacted by a mother and father to handle the disposition arrangements of their deceased son. They tell you that the body is located at the medical examiner’s office and ready to be released. Further, they advise that the death occurred several days before the discovery of the body. When making the removal, you notice evidence of decomposition of the male Caucasian body.
You notice the settling of blood to dependent parts of the body. The settling of blood and other fluids to dependent portions of the body is known as…
A. Coagulation B. Livor mortis C. Capillary expansion D. Postmortem stain E. Hypostasis
E. Hypostasis
You are contacted by a mother and father to handle the disposition arrangements of their deceased son. They tell you that the body is located at the medical examiner’s office and ready to be released. Further, they advise that the death occurred several days before the discovery of the body. When making the removal, you notice evidence of decomposition of the male Caucasian body.
You notice the abdominal cavity is distended with gas pressure. Further, you detect a foul odor. We know that as the proteins of the body decompose, putrefactive odors become apparent. Three compounds are responsible for the odor. Which of the following is one of these compounds?
A. Cadaverine
B. Adipocere
C. Clostridium
D. Nitrogen
A. Cadaverine
You are contacted by a mother and father to handle the disposition arrangements of their deceased son. They tell you that the body is located at the medical examiner’s office and ready to be released. Further, they advise that the death occurred several days before the discovery of the body. When making the removal, you notice evidence of decomposition of the male Caucasian body.
You notice the muscles of the extremities are flaccid. Most likely the body is in the _______ stage of rigor mortis.
A. Primary flaccidity
B. Rigidity
C. Secondary flaccidity
D. Tertiary
C. Secondary flaccidity
You are contacted by a mother and father to handle the disposition arrangements of their deceased son. They tell you that the body is located at the medical examiner’s office and ready to be released. Further, they advise that the death occurred several days before the discovery of the body. When making the removal, you notice evidence of decomposition of the male Caucasian body.
For this question consider the body has been dead three months or longer. The medical examiner advised that the body was buried in a shallow grave consisting of alkaline soil. This information is helpful when determining that identity of the wax-like substance found on and within tissues (especially adipose tissue). You have determined that the body fat has converted to ____________ by the process known as saponification.
A. Adipocere B. Hard water deposits C. Short-chain organic acids D. Amines E. Fermentation
A. Adipocere
You are contacted by a mother and father to handle the disposition arrangements of their deceased son. They tell you that the body is located at the medical examiner’s office and ready to be released. Further, they advise that the death occurred several days before the discovery of the body. When making the removal, you notice evidence of decomposition of the male Caucasian body.
During arterial injection of the body, you notice that areas of blood discoloration do not flush clear, via displacement. Rather, the dark-redness appears only to bleach in the presence of formaldehyde. The discoloration you noticed BEFORE “bleaching” is likely to be…
A. Livor mortis
B. Hypostasis
C. Postmortem stain
D. Cadaveric lividity
C. Postmortem stain
You are contacted by a mother and father to handle the disposition arrangements of their deceased son. They tell you that the body is located at the medical examiner’s office and ready to be released. Further, they advise that the death occurred several days before the discovery of the body. When making the removal, you notice evidence of decomposition of the male Caucasian body.
The discoloration described in question #44 is caused by…
A. Hydrolysis B. Heme passing through walls and pores of capillaries and into tissue spaces. C. Rigor mortis D. pH E. Algor mortis
B. Heme passing through walls and pores of capillaries and into tissue spaces.
Hypostasis contributes to the formation of…
A. Rigor mortis B. Livor mortis C. Postmortem caloricity D. Surface evaporation of moisture E. Saponification
B. Livor mortis
As natural body dehydration occurs in the unembalmed body, the formed elements (suspended elements) of blood will stick together in clumps. As a result, blood becomes more viscous. This results in the formation of _______. (Note: dehydration may be caused by the imbibition of the liquid portion of blood by the cells surrounding the capillaries)
A. Heme B. Sludge C. Globin D. Hemoglobin E. Blood serum only
B. Sludge
A pathological death of body cells as the result of disease processes.
A. Necrobiosis
B. Necrosis
C. Necrophilic
D. Necropolis
B. Necrosis
A respiratory gurgling or rattling in the throat of a dying person, caused by the loss of the coughing reflex and accumulation of mucous:
A. Death gurgle
B. Death rattle
C. Death struggle
D. Death throw
B. Death rattle
The trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line. This statement describes the trocar guide for the…
A. Heart B. Stomach C. Cecum D. Urinary bladder E. None of the above
B. Stomach
Embalming solution has a tendency to find direct routes from the arterioles to the venules or through only portions of the capillaries in the region around the injection site and thus spills into the drainage. This can account for over embalming the area near the infection site and loss of a great amount of arterial solution through drainage. This reality is known as…..
A. Walling off
B. Restricted cervical injection
C. Short - circulation
D. None of the above
C. Short - circulation
” In ____________, the arterial solution is never injected while drainage is being taken.”
A. alternate (injection and) drainage B. intermittent drainage C. Concurrent (continuous) drainage D. interval drainage E. None of the above
A. alternate (injection and) drainage
It is advised for cavity aspiration to take place…
A. Immediately following arterial injection
B. Several hours following arterial injection
C. Before arterial injection
D. After cavity injection
E. A & B
E. A & B
Cavity embalming treats…
A. the contents of the hollow viscera
B. the walls of the visceral organs not embalmed by arterial injection
C. the contents of the spaces between the visceral organs
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following suture methods is described by the text as a “suture commonly used to close the trocar opening.?”
A. Baseball B. Single intradermal C. Inversion (worm) D. Purse string E. Continuous (whip)
D. Purse string
You are preparing to embalm the body of an obese female decedent. Death resulted from a ruptured aortic aneurysm. Areas of the face and hands exhibit an abundance of moisture (edema) The post mortem interval is three hours. You are now ready to inject the arterial solution. First, you must properly set the pressure and rate of flow. The embalming machine’s power switch is set to “on” and the electrical motor is in operation. The rate of flow valve is set in a “closed” position. The pressure valve is set to a partially “open” position. The reading indicated by the machine’s pressure gauge is “10 pounds per a square inch.” Given the above facts, the ____________ is indicated by the pressure gauge reading of 10 pounds per a square inch.
A. Actual pressure B. Potential pressure C. Differential pressure D. Rate of injection E. None of the above
B. Potential pressure
You are preparing to embalm the body of an obese female decedent. Death resulted from a ruptured aortic aneurysm. Areas of the face and hands exhibit an abundance of moisture (edema) The post mortem interval is three hours. You are now ready to inject the arterial solution. First, you must properly set the pressure and rate of flow. The embalming machine’s power switch is set to “on” and the electrical motor is in operation. The rate of flow valve is set in a “closed” position. The pressure valve is set to a partially “open” position. The reading indicated by the machine’s pressure gauge is “10 pounds per a square inch.”
To achieve arterial embalming success, you are most likely to use which of the following injection techniques?
A. One point B. Split injection C. Heart tap D. Injection directly into the aorta E. Multipoint (six point) injection
E. Multipoint (six point) injection
The injected of a “too concentrated solution” (in a body exhibiting normal moisture content) will…
A. cause edema B. cause the moisture in the interstitial fluid to move into the capillaries. C. being about dehydration D. cause no change in body moisture E. B&C
E. B&C
The type of solution described in the previous question (The injected of a “too concentrated solution” (in a body exhibiting normal moisture content) is considered __________related to tissue fluids.
A. Hypotonic
B. Isotonic
C. Hypertonic
D. Weak
C. Hypertonic
Many times, a drainage tube cannot be fully inserted into the vein. Which of the following is true?
A. The drainage tube should be pushed through the vein into the body cavity.
B. The drainage tube should be forces into the vein
C. The drainage tube is lubricated, then forced into the vein.
D. The drainage tube is twisted as it is forced into the vein
E. None of the above
E. None of the above
The dilution of the arterial preservative solution with tissue (interstitual) fluids.
A. Primary dilution B. Primary distribution C. Secondary dilution D. Secondary distribution E. Adsorption
C. Secondary dilution
Determine the volume of 25 index arterial fluid (measured in ounces) necessary to make 2 gallons of a 2 percent solution. (128oz. = 1 gallon)
A. 22.48
B. 20.48
C. 21.48
D. 19.48
B. 20.48
Determine the percent strength of the solution when 16 ounces of 20 index arterial fluid is added to water to make a total solution volume of 2 gallons.
A. 1.35
B. 1.25
C. 1.45
D. 2.5
B. 1.25
Which of the following is not a method of arterial solution diffusion?
A. Pressure filtration B. Osmosis C. Dialysis D. Adsorption E. Hydrothorax
E. Hydrothorax
The diffusion of crystalloids across a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable to colloids. It is the process of separating crystalloids (smaller particles) from colloids (larger particles) by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane.
A. Osmosis B. Dialysis C. Pressure Filtration D. Adsorption E. Gravity filtration
B. Dialysis
Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; causing passage of embalming fluid from the intravascular to an extravascular position.
A. Osmosis B. Dialysis C. Pressure filtration D. Adsorption E. Gravity Filtration
C. Pressure filtration
The trocar is directed toward a point one-forth of the distance from the right anterior-superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis; keep point of trocar well up near abdominal wall until within four inches of right anterior-superior iliac spine…This statement describes the trocar guide for the…
A. Stomach
B. Right side of the heart
C. Urinary Bladder
D. Cecum
D. Cecum
“Drainage is brought about by _________.”
A. osmosis
B. displacement
C. pressure filtration
D. a drain tube
B. displacement
Different pressures can be used to inject the head and trunk. Different rates of flow can be used to inject the trunk and head. These statements describe the advantages of using the ____________ injection method.
A. One-point B. Restricted cervical C. Intermittent D. Split E. Alternative
B. Restricted cervical
As the body gradually dehydrates after death, the
A. Blood maintains its original viscosity
B. Blood becomes less viscous
C. Viscosity of the blood increases
D. Blood moves to dependent areas causing Livor Mortis
E. C & D
E. C & D
Cross linked proteins (Protein + formaldehyde)…
A. Resist decomposition B. Are decomposed C. become more water sensitive D. are easily converted to amino acids E. undergo saponification
A. Resist decomposition
One of the products that result from cross linking protein with formaldehyde.
A. Autolysis B. Water C. Amine D. Amino acid E. Hydrolysis
B. Water
The uncontrolled (and premature) hardening of capillary walls because of the presence of strong, unbalanced solutions containing formaldehyde. These “seared” capillaries become less permeable, hence solution diffusion becomes hindered. The net result is a lack of penetration of the preservative solution causing “under-embalming” of tissues. This fact pattern defines…
A. Closed draining
B. Short-circuiting of arterial solution
C. Restricted cervical injection
D. Walling-off action of formaldehyde
D. Walling-off action of formaldehyde
Which of the following drainage techniques does not require a drain tube?
A. Alternate
B. Intermittent
C. Concurrent
D. Closed
C. Concurrent
You are preparing to embalm a case and during the case you discover the body exhibits extensive dehydration. As you mix your arterial solution you need to add a modifying agent. In attempt to aid the tissues with moisture retention you elect to add a _________ which contains ____________.
A. Humectant; Citrate
B. Surfactant; Sulfonate
C. Humectant; Sorbitol
D. Buffer; Citrate
C. Humectant; Sorbitol
When analyzing another case you grow concerned with your arterial fluids ability to diffuse adequately. You elect to add a modifying agent to aid in the diffusion, you add a ___________ which contains __________.
A. Surfactant; Sorbitol
B. Deodorant; Benzaldehyde
C. Surfactant; Sodium lauryl sulfate
D. Buffer; Alum
C. Surfactant; Sodium lauryl sulfate
As you are mixing your arterial fluid you decide to add pH stabilizer to your solution. This will help to maintain the acid-base balance and assist in stabilizing the pH of the tissues where the embalming fluid reacts with the cellular proteins, you add __________ which contains __________.
A. Surfactant; Soribitol
B. Buffer; Benzaldehyde
C. Surfactant, Sulfonates
D. Buffer; Borax
D. Buffer; Borax
You have taken a new job as an embalmer and prior to embalming your first case you want to determine if you will have difficulties with hard water. You take a water sample and test the hardness which is expressed in terms of calcium carbonate. Which of the following is the standard as to when the hardness of the water exceeds this value the water is considered unsuitable for embalming.
A. 60ppm
B. 70ppm
C. 90ppm
D. 100ppm
D. 100ppm
Which of the following are embalming concerns with respect to hard water?
A. Inactivates the anticlotting elements in arterial fluid
B. May unite with the arterial fluid ingredients to form insoluble particles of sufficient size to occlude the capillaries
C. Variations in rigidity
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which of the following is located in the Left Lumbar Region?
A. Cecum
B. Spleen
C. Greater omentum
D. Lower portion of the liver
C. Greater omentum
Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which of the following is located in the Right Inguimal Region?
A. Cecum, appendix
B. Bladder in adults if distended
C. Part of the liver
D. Part of the right kidney
A. Cecum, appendix
Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which of the following is located in the Right Hypochondriac Region?
A. Descending colon
B. Greater omentum
C. Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava
D. Transverse colon
B. Greater omentum
This suture is used to gather in and turn under excess tissues. The pattern is the same as the single intradermal suture, except that the stitches are made parallel to the incision edges and do not pierce the margins of the incision.
A. Interlocking (Lock) suture
B. Baseball suture
C. Inversion (Worm) Suture
D. Continuous (Whip) Suture
C. Inversion (Worm) Suture
The trocar is directed along a line from the left anterior - superior iliac spine to the lobe of the right ear; keep the trocar pointed up against the cavity wall until it is pierced the diaphragm…This statement describes the trocar guide for the…
A. Stomach
B. Cecum
C. Urinary Bladder
D. Right side of the Heart
D. Right side of the Heart
Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which of the following is located in the Epigastric Region?
A. Gallbladder
B. Portion of the liver
C. Spleen
D. Coils of the small intestines
B. Portion of the liver
Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which of the following is located in the Hypogastric Region?
A. Uterus during pregnancy
B. Cecum
C. Spleen
D. Part of the decending colon
A. Uterus during pregnancy
Considering the contents of the abdomen, the nine-region method, which of the following is located in the Umbilical Region?
A. Gallbladder
B. Spleen
C. Coils of the small intestine
D. Part of the liver
C. Coils of the small intestine
The trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the median line and pubic bone, keeping it well up toward the abdominal wall until it touches the bone; then withdraw about one-half inch, dip the point slightly and insert into the ___________.
A. Urinary Bladder
B. Stomach
C. Right side of the heart
D. Cecum
A. Urinary Bladder
A person who has died while under treatment of chemotherapeutic, the embalmer would want to:
A. decrease the volume of the total embalming solution
B. increase the index of the total solution
C. not use a pre-injection solution
D. use an humectant base arterial fluid
B. increase the index of the total solution
A fractured ethmoid bone may cause the post embalmed purge of
A. brain matter
B. Respiratory tract liquids
C. Stomach contents
D. Fecal matter
A. brain matter
The embalmer can differentiate between postmortem stain and cadaver lividity by:
A. Digital pressure on the skin
B. Color variation
C. Fluid content or moisture content of skin
D. The pitting of tissue upon pressure extended on it.
A. Digital pressure on the skin
When embalming the autopsy case, which artery is clamp, in the base of the skull, to build up intravascular pressure and help with distribution of fluid in the face?
A. Common carotid
B. Internal carotid
C. Facial
D. Vertebral
B. Internal carotid
The embalmer wants to make a half gallon of embalming solution for an infant case. So how much 28 index arterial fluid must be added to the embalming machine tank to make a 2% embalming solution?
A. 16 ounces
B. 8 ounces
C. 6 ounces
D. 5 ounces
D. 5 ounces
In the heart tap procedure for drainage, what is the target the embalmer is searching for with the trocar?
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Arch of the aorta
D. Superior venous cava
B. Right atrium
In this process, the injection of the embalming solution continues throughout the embalming and the drainage is shut off for selected short periods?
A. Intermittent drainage
B. Alternate drainage
C. Concurrent drainage
D. Continuous drainage
A. Intermittent drainage
Which of the following will pass through the cell membrane?
- glycerol
- isopropanol
- ethanol
- methanol
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 and 4 only
C. 1,2,3 only
D. 2,3,4 only
D. 2,3,4 only
The conversion of bilrubin to biliverdin is similar to:
A. Green to black
B. Yellow to green
C. Yellow to grey
D. Red/purple to black
B. Yellow to green
An eight pound baby at birth, how much of the weight would be from water?
A. 2 lbs
B. 4 lbs
C. 6 lbs
D. 8 lbs
C. 6 lbs
The white patches found on the oral mucosa of an IV-drug user, should be disinfected by:
A. Hypodermic injection of a strong disinfectant such as phenol
B. Paint embalming gel over the lesions
C. Normal injection of an arterial solution of at least 2%
D. Application of a fungicide solution
D. Application of a fungicide solution
What agency issues a license for embalming?
A. Federal Trade Commission
B. Municipal or county licensing board
C. State occupational licensing board
D. U.S. Department of Labor
C. State occupational licensing board
What agency stipulates that funeral homes must obtain permission to embalm?
A. Federal Trade Commission
B. State Department of Commerce
C. Occupational Safety & Health Administration
D. U.S. Department of Commerce
A. Federal Trade Commission
What is S.D.S?
A. Safe Delivery System
B. Safety Data Signs
C. Safety Data Sheets
D. Safety Documentation Sheets
C. Safety Data Sheets
What is the 15 minute STEL?
A. .5ppm
B. 1.0ppm
C. 1.5ppm
D. 2.0ppm
D. 2.0ppm
What are the four classifications of embalming?
A. Arterial, Cavity, Hypodermic, Surface
B. Cavity, Sectional, Sanitary, Holistic
C. Abdominal, Thoracic, Pelvic, Extremity
D. Cavity, Pressure, Packing, Vascular
A. Arterial, Cavity, Hypodermic, Surface
What instrument is used for cavity embalming?
A. Aneurysm hook
B. Arterial tube
C. Drain tube
D. Trocar
D. Trocar
What would be used to hypodermically embalm a finger?
A. Adult trocar
B. Hypo-valve trocar
C. Infant trocar
D. Syringe & needle
D. Syringe & needle
How should eyelids be set?
A. Abut in the lower one third.
B. Abut in the middle
C. Abut in the upper one third
D. Upper overlaps the lower
A. Abut in the lower one third.
What form should be achieved with the lip closure?
A. Five arc
B. Flat
C. Oval
D. Puffy
A. Five arc
What is the cooling of the body to surrounding temperature?
A. Algor mortis
B. Antemortem algor
C. Cadaveric lividity
D. Imbibition
A. Algor mortis
What is another name for cadaveric lividity?
A. Imbibition
B. Livor mortis
C. Post mortem stain
D. Saponification
B. Livor mortis
Which of the following is a gaseous ptomaine?
A. Cadaverine
B. Indole
C. Methane
D. Putrescene
B. Indole
Which discoloration cannot be cleared with vascular embalming?
A. Cadaveric lividity
B. Hypostasis
C. Livor mortis
D. Post mortem stain
D. Post mortem stain
Which method of drainage would you continue injecting and periodically close the drainage?
A. Alternating
B. Closed
C. Continuous
D. Intermittent
D. Intermittent
From the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first big toe and adjacent second toe is the linear guide for which artery?
A. Anterior tibial
B. Doralis pedis
C. Popliteal
D. Posterior tibial
B. Doralis pedis
Which discoloration is antemortem and extravascular?
A. Ecchymosis
B. Livor mortis
C. Post mortem stain
D. Tardieu spots
A. Ecchymosis
What pathological condition will cause a dark-red to black discoloration?
A. Addison’s disease
B. Dry gangrene
C. Icterus
D. Wet gangrene
B. Dry gangrene
What discoloration may occur if the embalming solution is too strong?
A. Flushing
B. Graying
C. Icterus
D. Yellowing
B. Graying
What cause of death would cause a cherry-red discoloration, bright red color to blood, intense livor mortis, rapid post mortem staining and petechiae.
A. Carbon monoxide poisoning
B. Drowning
C. Exsanguinations
D. Electrocution
A. Carbon monoxide poisoning
What procedure should be employed when embalming a body with vascular difficulties?
A. Utilize a low index solution
B. Utilize a high rate flow
C. Utilize a pre-injection
D. Utilize a restricted cervical injection
D. Utilize a restricted cervical injection
What type of purge will have a “coffee ground” appearance?
A. Anal
B. Brain
C. Lung
D. Stomach
D. Stomach
What solution index should be used on a dehydrated body?
A. 1.5
B. 2.3
C. 2.5
D. 3.0
A. 1.5
What procedure would be used when arterially embalming a decomposed body?
A. Use continuous injection with intermittent drainage
B. Use a low index solution
C. Use a pre-injection
D. Use only one injection site
A. Use continuous injection with intermittent drainage
What procedure would be used when arterially embalming a trauma case?
A. Use high pressure and low rate of flow
B. Use a low index solution to prevent dehydration
C. Use low pressure and high rate of flow
D. Use only one injection site
A. Use high pressure and low rate of flow
What are the three main considerations when embalming a body exposed to radiation?
A. Rubber apron & gloves, time of exposure, running water
B. PPE, ventilation, running water
C. Running water, distance, time of exposure
D. Ventilation, rubber apron & gloves, time of exposure
A. Rubber apron & gloves, time of exposure, running water
What procedure would be used when embalming an autopsy case?
A. Continuous aspiration of cavities
B. High water pressure to rinse blood off the table
C. Leave cut bones exposed
D. Use a low index fluid
A. Continuous aspiration of cavities
What should be done when embalming an obese person?
A. Lower the head and shoulders
B. Keep the elbows away from the body
C. Use firm massage
D. Utilize a 3.5 solution index
C. Use firm massage
What size arterial tube would be used when embalming an infant?
A. 1/4”
B. 3/16”
C. 5/16”
D. 3/32”
D. 3/32”
What should be done when keeping an embalmed body for a long period of time?
A. Delay cosmetic treatment
B. Elevate the head as high as possible
C. Keep the body flat on the table
D. Place the body in a warm area
A. Delay cosmetic treatment
What is considered an invasive procedure when preparing an un-embalmed body for viewing?
A. Packing orifices
B. Placing plastic garments on the body
C. Using a dental tie for mouth closure
D. Using a suture for mouth closure
D. Using a suture for mouth closure
What should be done when embalming a non-viewable body that cannot be arterially embalmed?
A. Avoid using surface embalming
B. Do not aspirate
C. Hypodermically inject a 5 % solution
D. Keep the body exposed to air
C. Hypodermically inject a 5 % solution
What should be done when arterial embalming has been delayed?
A. Avoid over-manipulation of body tissue
B. Start with mild solution and strengthen as you proceed
C. Use only one injection site
D. Utilize a pre-injection
B. Start with mild solution and strengthen as you proceed
The science of treating the dead human body to temporarily inhibit decomposition is known as _____________.
A. Embalming
B. Preservation
C. Sanitation
D. Disinfection
B. Preservation
The process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition, and restore a natural physical appearance is known as _____________.
A. Embalming
B. Preservation
C. Sanitation
D. Disinfection
A. Embalming
There are __________ embalming treatment classifications.
A. 5
B. 4
C. 2
D. 6
B. 4
Preservation of body tissues by direct contact with embalming chemicals is called _______________ embalming.
A. Surface
B. Vascular
C. Hypodermic
D. Cavity
A. Surface
Preservation primarily acts on body ____________.
A. Enzymes
B. Bacteria
C. Microorganisms
D. Proteins
D. Proteins
Deconstruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body is called _______________.
A. Disinfection
B. Sanitation
C. Preservation
D. Decomposition
A. Disinfection
The recommended number of air exchanges per hour in the preparation room is __________________.
A. 12
B. 15
C. 19
D. 20
B. 15
STEL is monitored over a period of ___________ minutes.
A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 30 E. 60
C. 15
Which of the following is/are considered an intrinsic factor?
A. Pathological conditions
B. Weight
C. Vermin
D. A and B
D. A and B
Subcutaneous emphysema originates from a tear or cut located in which body cavity?
A. Pleural
B. Pelvic
C. Abdominal
D. Pericardial
A. Pleural
Rigor Mortis:
- Is a postmortem chemical change
- Is the postmortem stiffening of muscles due to lack of oxygen
- Occurs immediately after death
- Causes extravascular resistance to embalming fluid distribution
- Is preceded by primary flaccidity, and followed by secondary flaccidity
A. 1,2,3,4 & 5
B. 2,3,4 & 5
C. 1,2,4 & 5
D. 1,3,4 & 5
C. 1,2,4 & 5
Livor Mortis:
- Is a postmortem physical change
- Is an extravascular discoloration that cannot be cleared with fluid distribution
- Is an intravascular discoloration that can be cleared with fluid distribution
- Results from hypostasis and occurs in dependent areas of the body
- Often appears deep red or blue-black
A. 1,3,4 & 5
B. 1,2,4 & 5
C. 1,3 & 5
D. 3,4 & 5
A. 1,3,4 & 5
Postmortem stain:
- Is a postmortem physical change
- Is an extravascular discoloration that cannot be cleared with fluid distribution
- Is an intravascular discoloration that can be cleared with fluid distribution
- Creates a false sign of fluid distribution because the tissue may look embalmed
- Necessitaties the use of opaque cosmetics for concealment on viewed areas.
A. 1,2,4 & 5
B. 2,4 & 5
C. 1,3 & 4
D. 1,2,4 & 5
B. 2,4 & 5
Decomposition:
- Is a postmortem chemical change
- Is the most certain sign that a person is dead
- Increases preservative demand
- Is accompanied by color, odor, purge, desquamation and gas formation
- Causes a variety of extravascular discoloration
A. 1,2 & 3
B. 2,3 & 4
C. 1,2,3 & 4
D. 1,2,3,4 & 5
D. 1,2,3,4 & 5
The movement of embalming fluid within the vascular system as a result of injection.
A. Diffusion
B. Distribution
C. Pressure injection
D. Gravity filtration
B. Distribution
The movement of embalming fluid into tissues through capillary walls.
A. Diffusion
B. Distribution
C. Pressure injection
D. Gravity filtration
A. Diffusion
The embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of diffusion?
- Tissue fixation
- Drying of tissues
- Distention of superficial vessels
- Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration
A. 1 & 2
B. 2 & 3
C. 1 & 3
D. 3 & 4
A. 1 & 2
The embalmer identifies which of the following as signs of distribution?
- Distension of the superficial vessels
- Large volume of blood drainage
- Reduction of intravascular blood discolorations
- Mottling of tissue
A. 1
B. 1 & 2
C. 1,2 & 3
D. 1,2,3 & 4
C. 1,2 & 3
Fluid diffusion results from which of following?
- Reverse osmosis
- Osmosis
- Dialysis
- Pressure filtration
A. 1 & 3
B. 1,2, 3 &4
C. 1,2 & 4
D. 2,3 & 4
D. 2,3 & 4
Which of the following cause intravascular resistance to distribution
- Surface tension
- Liquid blood
- Vascular pathologies like atherosclerosis and other conditions that caused ischemia
- Coagulated blood
A. 1
B. 1 & 2
C. 1,2, & 3
D. 1,2,3 & 4
D. 1,2,3 & 4
Which of the following cause extravascular resistance to distribution?
- Rigor mortis
- Gas pressure
- Frictional resistance
- Weight of viscera
A. 1
B. 1 & 2
C. 1,2 & 3
D. 1,2 & 4
D. 1,2 & 4
Signs of death as manifested by changes in the eye:
- Clouding of the cornea and flattening of the eyeball
- Pupil dilation, and lack of pupil response to changes in light levels
- Loss of luster of the conjunctiva
- Glistening of the eye
A. 1,2 & 3
B. 2,3 & 4
C. 1,2,3 & 4
D. 2 & 3
A. 1,2 & 3
Nitrogenous waste at high levels in the body:
- Can result from kidney failure
- Requires a higher dilute index than average
- Can be detected by a strong ammonia-like odor
- Will require the use of Glutaraldehyde-based fluids
A. 1 & 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 2,3 & 4
D. 1,2 & 3
D. 1,2 & 3
Identify the considerations (not precautions) of the carotid arteries:
- The face may be over-injected
- Direct distribution of fluid to the face
- The incision may be visible
- It is close to the center of distribution
A. 1 & 2
B. 2 & 4
C. 2,3 & 4
D. 1 & 3
B. 2 & 4
The causative agent of tissue gas in the deceased body:
- Is also the causative agent of gas gangrene
- Is Clostridium perfringens
- Forms spores, so it’s hard to kill
- Can be transferred between bodies and from body to embalmer via a puncture wound
A. 1 & 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 1,2 & 3
D. 1,2,3 & 4
D. 1,2,3 & 4
An embalmer working on a decomposed body should:
- Use restricted cervical injection
- Use low water or waterless embalming
- Add dye for a tracer
- Use a higher than average strength embalming solution
A. 2 & 4
B. 2,3 & 4
C. 2 & 3
D. 1,2,3,4 & 5
D. 1,2,3,4 & 5
Which of these are true regarding vermin:
- They are an extrinsic factor in the decomposition process
- They are an intrinsic factor in the decomposition process
- Cause direct destruction and create portals for bacterial entry
- Include rodents and maggots
A. 2 & 4
B. 1 & 3
C. 1,3 & 4
D. 2, 3 & 4
C. 1,3 & 4
Which treatments are recommended for embalming an edematous body?
- Use a hypertonic solution
- Use a hypotonic solution
- Use greater than average strength of HCHO or other preservative solution
- Use lesser than average strength of HCHO or other preservative solution
- Use multipoint injection if necessary
A. 2,4 & 5
B. 1,3 & 5
C. 1 & 3
D. 2 & 4
B. 1,3 & 5
Which of the following are consequences of freezing a body?
- Embalming will be more difficult due to capillary damage
- The body will tend to swell when fluid is being injected
- Decomposition will be halted
- Decomposition will be accelerated
A. 1 & 2
B. 2 & 4
C. 1,2 & 3
D. 1,2 & 4
C. 1,2 & 3
Pressure indicated by the gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the solution is flowing in to the body.
A. Actual pressure
B. Potential pressure
C. Differential pressure
D. Potential injection pressure
A. Actual pressure
Wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil.
A. Protein
B. Hydrolysis
C. Hypostasis
D. Adipocere
D. Adipocere
Decrease in body temperature before death.
A. Algor mortis
B. Agonal algor
C. Postmortem caloricity
D. Saponification
B. Agonal algor
Postmortem cooling of the body. A. Agonal algor B. Algor mortis C. Postmortem caloricity D. Saponification
B. Algor mortis
The building block of protein proteins.
A. Ptomains
B. Cadaverine
C. Putrescine
D. Amino acids
D. Amino acids
Generalized edema in subcutaneous tissues.
A. Ascites
B. Anasarca
C. Hydrothorax
D. Carbuncle
B. Anasarca
Anterior superior iliac spine - a palpable bony protuberance located on the ilium
A. Anterior superior iliac spine
B. Posterior superior iliac spine
C. Anterior inferior iliac spine
D. Lateral iliac spine
A. Anterior superior iliac spine
Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity. A. Hydrothorax B. Buffer C. Ascites D. Asepsis
C. Ascites
Bloodbourne pathogen - microorganism present in human blood that may cause disease.
A. Airborne
B. Bloodborne pathogen
C. Cadaveric lividity
D. Ascites
B. Bloodborne pathogen
Acute, deep-seated inflammation, which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle.
A. Furuncle
B. Carbuncle
C. Hydrothorax
D. Condyle
A. Furuncle
A temporary suture consisting of individual stitches employed to sustain the appropriate position of tissues.
A. Baseball stitch
B. Purses string suture
C. Bridge (interrupted) suture
D. Intradermal suture
C. Bridge (interrupted) suture
Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues, that terminates in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms.
A. Furuncle
B. Carbuncle
C. Hydrothorax
D. Ascites
B. Carbuncle
The center of embalming fluid distribution is the…
A. Heart
B. Ascending aorta and/or arch of the aorta
C. Jugular vein
D. Embalming machine
B. Ascending aorta and/or arch of the aorta
The center of venous drainage is the…
A. Common carotid artery
B. Right ventricle of the heart
C. Right atrium of the heart
D. Trocar
C. Right atrium of the heart
Embalming technique using active dye in an attempt to cover internal discolorations.
A. Low index, high volume
B. Counterstaining
C. One point
D. Sectional embalming
B. Counterstaining
Extreme dehydration often resulting in post-embalming discolorations.
A. Imbibition
B. Saponification
C. Desiccation
D. Mummification
C. Desiccation
Sloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of autolysis.
A. Putrefaction
B. Desquamation
C. Enucleation
D. Exzyme
B. Desquamation
Bruising discoloration of the skin caused by the escape of blood into extravascular tissue.
A. Ecchymosis
B. Edema
C. Jaundice
D. Emaciation
A. Ecchymosis
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissues or body cavities.
A. Jaundice
B. Edema
C. Emaciation
D. Ecchymosis
B. Edema
Organic catalyst produced by living cells capable of autolytic decomposition.
A. Protein
B. Enzyme
C. Intercellular
D. Necrosis
B. Enzyme
Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained.
A. Strangulation
B. Exsanguination
C. Gangrene
D. Gravity filtration
B. Exsanguination
Characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body.
A. Agonal edema
B. Emisis
C. Febrile
D. Fixation
C. Febrile
Gray discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin.
A. Carbox hemoglobin
B. Formaldehyde gray
C. Jaundice yellow
D. Cherry red
B. Formaldehyde gray
Death of body tissues due to deficient or absent blood supply.
A. Gangrene
B. Imbibition
C. Desquamation
D. Necrosis
A. Gangrene
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure.
A. Hydrothorax
B. Hydro aspirator
C. Hydrocele
D. Hydrocephalus
C. Hydrocele
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity.
A. Ascites
B. Hydrothorax
C. Hydrocephalus
D. Gravity filtration
B. Hydrothorax
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
A. Isotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Hypotonic
D. Gin & Tonic
B. Hypertonic
Hypostasis - The process of blood and/or other fluids settling to the dependent portions of the body.
A. Hemolysis
B. Imbibition
C. Gravity Filtration
D. Hypostasis
D. Hypostasis
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
A. Isotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Hypotonic
D. Gin & Tonic
C. Hypotonic
Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death, resulting in postmortem edema.
A. Dehydration
B. Imbibtion
C. Gravity filtration
D. Osmosis
B. Imbibtion
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100ml of water.
A. Strength of solution
B. Index
C. Cavity fluid
D. Phenol
B. Index
The period from birth to 18 months is referred to as the
A. Toddler period
B. Child period
C. Infant period
D. Kid period
C. Infant period
A method of drainage in which drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues.
A. Continuous
B. Intermittent (Restricted)
C. Alternate
D. Restricted cervical
B. Intermittent (Restricted)
A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared.
A. Isotonic
B. Hypertonic
C. Hypotonic
D. Gin & Tonic
A. Isotonic
A condition characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues.
A. Jaundice
B. Addison’s disease
C. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
D. Hepatitis
A. Jaundice
Cellular death of a pathological origin.
A. Necrobiosis
B. Necrosis
C. Petechia
D. Carbuncle
B. Necrosis
Metabolic by-products such as urea and uric acid containing nitrogen, and have a propensity to neutralize formaldehyde.
A. Nitrogenous waste
B. Jaundice
C. Mercaptan
D. Pus
A. Nitrogenous waste
Pinpoint, extravascular stain visible as purplish hemorrhages on the skin.
A. Livor mortis
B. Cadaceric lividity
C. Petechia
D. Postmortem caloricity
C. Petechia
The increase in body temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism.
A. C. Perfringens
B. Postmortem algor
C. Postmortem caloricity
D. Livor mortis
C. Postmortem caloricity
Extravascular discoloration resulting from heme seeping through the vessel walls and into the body tissues.
A. Livor mortis
B. Postmortem stain
C. Postmortem discoloration
D. Cadaveric lividity
B. Postmortem stain
Any of a group of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins.
A. Enzyme
B. Ptomaine
C. Petechia
D. Jaundice
B. Ptomaine
Putrefaction-decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.
A. Autolysis
B. Putrefaction
C. Decay
D. Lipolysis
B. Putrefaction
a method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised to control the flow of arterial solution into the head.
A. One point injection
B. Multi point injection
C. Restricted cervical injection
D. Alternate injection
C. Restricted cervical injection
The conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere.
A. Saponification
B. Silk
C. Blood sludge
E. Trocar
A. Saponification
A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, the component of a solution present in a lesser amount.
A. Solvent
B. Solute
C. Solution
D. Osmosis
B. Solute
A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent.
A. Solution
B. Mixture
C. Compound
D. Liquid
A. Solution
A substance holding another substance in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount.
A. Solvent
B. Solute
C. Solution
D. Osmosis
A. Solvent
Split injection - the injection of fluid from one site, and drainage from a separate site.
A. One-point injection
B. Split injection
C. Alternate injection
D. Multi point injection
B. Split injection
A chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion and surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to flow through smaller spaces.
A. Buffer
B. Surfactant
C. Preservative
D. Humectant
B. Surfactant
Treating all human remains as though they are infectious.
A. OSHA
B. Universal precautions
C. PPE
D. Taking care
B. Universal precautions
The liquid that serves as a solvent for embalming fluids.
A. Solute
B. Vehicle
C. Mixture
D. Trocar
B. Vehicle
High moisture content in a body may be successfully reduced with a…
A. Hypotonic solution
B. Isotonic solution
C. Hypertonic solution
D. Slightly hypotonic solution
C. Hypertonic solution
If a “putty-grey” color develops in the skin after a body is embalmed it is probably due to
A. The products of saprophytic bacterial action
B. Too much glycerine in the embalming fluid
C. Formaldehyde and blood mixing because of poor drainage
D. Too many cosmetic ingredients in the embalming fluid
C. Formaldehyde and blood mixing because of poor drainage
If one made an incision between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum superficialis
muscle, the person would be attempting to find which artery.
A. Radial
B. Axillary
C. Ulnar
D. Tibial
C. Ulnar
If one made a longitudinal incision on the posteriormedial aspect of the thigh just superior to the popliteal space, the person would be attempting to find which artery.
A. Femoral
B. Popliteal
C. Anterior tibial
D. Posterior tibial
B. Popliteal
Imbibition causes which of the following.
A. Hypostasis
B. Livor mortis
C. Postmortem edema
D. Saponification
C. Postmortem edema
Livor mortis is synonymous with
A. Algor mortis
B. Rigor mortis
C. Liver cirrhosis
D. Postmortem lividity
D. Postmortem lividity
Low moisture content in a body may be treated successfully with an arterial solution that is…
A. of high index
B. of low pH
C. Hypotonic to cell hydration
D. Slightly alkaline
C. Hypotonic to cell hydration
Massage cream applied to the face before embalming will.
A. Retard dehydration
B. Aid in preservation
C. Stimulate hemolysis
D. Prevent mold growth
A. Retard dehydration
One advantage in the use of the common carotid arteries as points of injection in arterial embalming is
A. They are close to the center of circulation
B. The incisions will never show after dressing
C. The directly connect to the right atrium of the heart
D. Swelling of the face will not occur
A. They are close to the center of circulation
When the trocar point is directed toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left midaxillary line, one would be attempting to insert the trocar into which of the following organs.
A. Stomach
B. Cecum
C. Right side of the heart
D. Urinary bladder
A. Stomach
Which of the following would provide for a test for death.
A. Rigor mortis
B. Clouding of cornea
C. Decomposition
D. Stethoscope
D. Stethoscope
Which of the following is also considered an agonal change.
A. Decomposition
B. Hypostatis
C. Algor mortis
D. Putrefaction
B. Hypostatis
Which of the following is not considered proper body positioning?
A. Body is straight on the table
B. Body placed on the table with head elevated
C. Place head on a rest
D. Face is tilted to the left about 15 degrees
D. Face is tilted to the left about 15 degrees
One advantage in the use of the femoral artery as a point of injection in arterial embalming is
A. It is close to the center of circulation
B. It insures distribution of fluid into both sides of the head
C. It leads directly to the right atrium of the heart
D. Provides for an incision that will not be visible
D. Provides for an incision that will not be visible
Which of the following must the employer obtain for all hazardous chemicals int he work place and also maintain in a place where the employee will have access to them while in the work area.
A. Safety data sheets
B. Hazard communication
C. MDSS
D. Formaldehyde detection badge
A. Safety data sheets
One condition governing the rate of algor mortis might be
A. Amount of clothing covering the body
B. The formation of methemoglobin
C. Presence of hemoglobin
D. Postmortem discoloration
A. Amount of clothing covering the body
One disadvantage in the use of the common carotid arteries as points of injection in embalming is
A. They have numerous branches
B. Anomalies are very common
C. The accompanying veins are very small
D. The face may be over-injected
D. The face may be over-injected
Which of the following will decompose first under normal conditions
A. Non-pregnant uterus
B. Large blood vessels
C. Lining membranes of the trachea and larynx
D. Large intestine
C. Lining membranes of the trachea and larynx
One example of a physical postmortem change is
A. Rigor mortis
B. pH change
C. Algor mortis
D. Coagulation of blood
C. Algor mortis
One method of mouth closure is the hypodermic injection of embalming fluid into the
A. Platysma muscle
B. Omohyoid muscle
C. Orbicularis oculi muscle
D. Masseter muscle
D. Masseter muscle
One method of stimulating drainage is
A. Cold packs
B. Massage
C. Cavity aspiration before injection
D. Swelling all tissues
B. Massage
One of the following is not a sign of decomposition
A. Odor
B. Discoloration
C. Postmortem hypostasis
D. Tissue gas
C. Postmortem hypostasis
Perfuming material such as spice oils are used in embalming fluids because
A. The Egyptians used them
B. They help to embalm
C. They mask the formaldehyde odor
D. They are expensive
C. They mask the formaldehyde odor
Postmortem coagulation
A. Aids in the distribution of arterial embalming fluid
B. Leaves the blood stream to cause edema
C. Is the cause of jaundice
D. Is the developing of blood clots after death
D. Is the developing of blood clots after death
Rigor mortis
A. Cannot be broken
B. Should not be broken up until after injection
C. Makes the eyes easy to close
D. Is typically first observable in the small muscles of the eyes
D. Is typically first observable in the small muscles of the eyes
10 ounces of 16 index arterial fluid would be required to make 20 ounces of a
A. 32% solution
B. 12.5 % solution
C. 8% solution
D. 0.8% solution
C. 8% solution
Saponification of the body fats results in production of
A. Lipase
B. Adipocere
C. Carbon dioxide + water
D. Autolysis
B. Adipocere
8 ounces of a 20 index arterial fluid would be required to make 32 ounces of
A. 20% solution
B. 10% solution
C. 12.8% solution
D. 5% solution
D. 5% solution
Saprophytic bacteria complicate the embalming process because
A. They are responsible for putrefaction
B. Methylene blue must be used
C. A six-point injection must be used
D. They inhibit the cosmetic effects of the embalming chemical
A. They are responsible for putrefaction
Signs of decomposition may include all of the following except
A. Color change
B. Foul odor
C. Purge
D. Imbibition
D. Imbibition
A condition governing the rate of algor mortis is
A. Index of embalming fluid
B. Environmental tempura
C. Amount of rigor mortis
D. Casper’s law
B. Environmental tempura
A delicate instrument, used for detecting almost inaudible sounds is
A. Ophthalmoscope
B Stethoscope
C. Audiometer
D. Aduloscope
B Stethoscope
Skatole, indole, cadaverine and putreccine are
A. End products of decomposition
B. Enzymes
C. Proteins
D. Amines
D. Amines
A disadvantage in the use of the femoral artery as a point of injection in arterial embalming is
A. Vessels are deep-seated in obese cases
B. The incision is visible after dressing
C. It causes the head to become over-embalmed
D. It makes posing the hands difficult
A. Vessels are deep-seated in obese cases
A hemostat is most useful to the embalmer to
A. Clamp a vessel
B. Reduce tissue distention
C. Close incisions
D. Position the arms
A. Clamp a vessel
Syneresis means
A. Spreading apart
B. Drawing together to contract
C. Swelling
D. Dying
B. Drawing together to contract
The “action level” for the 8 hour time weighted average at which monitoring is required
A. 3ppm
B. 2ppm
C. .5ppm
D. .75ppm
C. .5ppm
The artery just lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
A. Radial
B. Ulnar
C. Subclavian
D. Carotid
A. Radial
A line drawn on the surface of the body from the center of the bend of the elbow to the base of the index finger
A. Ulnar artery
B. Brachial artery
C. Radial artery
D. Axillary artery
C. Radial artery
The axillary artery begins as the continuation of the subclavian artery at the
A. Lower border of teres major muscle
B. Distal third of the clavicle
C. Lateral border of the first rib
D. Bifurcation of the Subclavian artery
C. Lateral border of the first rib
The axillary artery terminates at the
A. Lateral border of the first rib
B. Lower border of teres major muscles
C. Bifurcation of the brachial artery
D. Apex of the axilla
B. Lower border of teres major muscles
A noise made by a moribound person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity
A. Death struggle
B. Apparent death
C. Death cough
D. Death rattle
D. Death rattle
The axillary vein is
A. Deeper than the axillary artery
B. Superficial to the axillary artery
C. Adjacent to the brachial artery
D. Continuous with the distal end of the brachial artery
B. Superficial to the axillary artery
A one-piece scalpel used for making incisions and excisions
A. Knife
B. Bistoury
C. Aneurysm needle
D. Scissors
B. Bistoury
The blueness of the skin resulting from an oxygen deficiency in the blood called
A. Cyanosis
B. Rash
C. Plumbism
D. Lead poisoning
A. Cyanosis
A period before death
A. Postmortem period
B. Somatic period
C. Agonal period
D. Rigor mortis period
C. Agonal period
A procedure whereby one raises both common carotids
A. Cervical
B. One point
C. Restricted cervical
D. Scarpa’s triangle
C. Restricted cervical
A red-blue intravascular discoloration which may be removed by normal arterial injection and venous drainage is.
A. Putrescine
B. Lipolysis
C. Livor mortis
D. Viscosity
C. Livor mortis
The brachial artery is found
A. At the proximal end of the axillary artery
B. Medial to the axillary vein
C. In the bicipital groove
D. In the auxillary space
C. In the bicipital groove
The center of circulation in the embalming process is located in the
A. Heart
B. Left atrium
C. Right atrium
D. Arch of the aorta
D. Arch of the aorta
The chief solvent of the most arterial fluids is
A. Water
B. Alcohol
C. Formalin
D. Glycerine
A. Water
The climate condition which aids the embalmer to achieve “naturalness” of the embalmed body.
A. Cold and dry
B. Cold and moist
C. Hot and dry
D. Hot and moist
B. Cold and moist
The common carotid artery lies
A. Lateral to the trachea
B. Medial to the trachea
C. Anterior to the trachea
D. Has no relationship to the trachea
A. Lateral to the trachea
All the following are characteristics of ecchymosis except
A. Raised above surrounding skin
B. Flow of effused blood
C. A bruise
D. No blood will flow
D. No blood will flow
The consideration given to the dead body, prior to, during and after the embalming procedure.
A. OSHA standard
B. Cavity work
C. Case analysis
D. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors
C. Case analysis
Alternate drainage is the drainage taken during embalming in which
A. The injection and drainage are not allowed to run concurrently
B. The injection is continuous and drainage is intermittent
C. The drainage is continuous
D. The injection is intermittent and the drainage is continuous
A. The injection and drainage are not allowed to run concurrently
The cooling of the body after death to the surrounding temperature is referred to as
A. Agonal algor
B. Livor mortis
C. Post mortem caloricity
D. Algor mortis
D. Algor mortis
The eye of the aneurysm needle is used to
A. Aspirate
B. Make incisions
C. Pass ligature around vessel
D. Inject hypodermically
C. Pass ligature around vessel
The cooling of the body after death to the surrounding temperature
A. Agonal algor
B. Algor mortis
C. Postmortem caloricity
D. Agonal fever
B. Algor mortis
The correct pressure to use when embalming the body is that pressure which
A. Is sufficient to overcome the vascular resistance
B. Equalizes the vascular pressure
C. Is less than that which the vascular resistance requires
D. Is equal to to the weight of the viscera
A. Is sufficient to overcome the vascular resistance
An example of ante-mortem cellular death is
A. Cadaveric lividity
B. Necrosis
C. Asphyxia
D. Coma
B. Necrosis
Borax is used in embalming fluids to
A. Mask odor of formaldehyde
B. Stains tissue
C. Adjust pH
d. Act as a vehicle
C. Adjust pH
The decomposition of fats is called
A. Lipolysis
B. Saccharolysis
C. Putrescine
D. Autolysis
A. Lipolysis
Coma results from the arrested function of the
A. Brain
B. Heart
C. Lungs
D. Spleen
A. Brain
Employers must provide employees with information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the time of their initial assignment and whenever a new hazard is introduced into their work area
A. True
B. False
A. True
In areas where formaldehyde concentrations exceed any exposure limits (PEL, TWA or STEL), the employer must post signs reading “danger, formaldehyde irritant and potential cancer hazard; authorized personnel only”
A. True
B. False
A. True
Initial monitoring is required for all employees who might be exposed to the hazard.
A. True
B. False
A. True
The hand pump develops the pressure by means of a piston and depends on gravity.
A. True
B. False
B. False
The hand pumps develops the pressure by means of a piston and exerts the pressure on a fluid which is delivered to the body by an arrangement of tubes.
A. True
B. False
A. True
The injection pressure is defined as the force necessary to promote diffusion.
A. True
B. False
B. False
The injection pressure is defined as the force necessary to stop osmosis.
A. True
B. False
B. False
The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes of anaerobic bacteria resulting in malodorous.
A. Saccharolysis
B. Fermentation
C. Putrefaction
D. Decay
C. Putrefaction
The femoral artery begins at the
A. Distal end of the common iliac artery
B. Proximal end of the external iliac artery
C. Opening in the adductor longus muscle
D. Point behind the center of the inguinal (poupart’s) ligament
D. Point behind the center of the inguinal (poupart’s) ligament
The femoral artery ends at the
A. Opening in the adductor longus muscle
B. Profunda femoris artery
C. Apex of Scarpa’s Triangle
D. Posterior to the sternoclavicular articulation
A. Opening in the adductor longus muscle
The femoral vein is found
A. Anterior to the femoral artery
B. Posterior to the femoral artery
C. At the insertion of poupart’s ligament
D. At the lateral border of scarpa’s triangle
B. Posterior to the femoral artery
The first place for the visible appearance of rigor mortis is in the
A. Muscles of the trunk
B. Muscles of the lower extremeties
C. Muscles of the head
D. Muscles of the eye
D. Muscles of the eye
The following discoloration usually can be removed by venous drainage
A. Tattoo marks
B. Postmortem stain
C. Ecchymosis
D. Livor mortis
D. Livor mortis
The hazard communication standard that requires employees with information training on hazardous chemicals in their work areas is promulgated and enforced by which of the following
A. FTC
B. NFDA
C. State board
D. OSHA
D. OSHA
The left common carotid artery begins at the
A. Left sterno-clavicular articulation
B. Level of hyoid bone
C. Brachiocephalic (innominate artery)
D. Level of the second costal cartilage
D. Level of the second costal cartilage
The optimum temperature for rigor mortis to take place
A. 32 degrees F
B. 120 degrees F
C. 98 to 100 degrees F
D. 99 degrees C
C. 98 to 100 degrees F
Conditions determining the choice of a primary dilution include all of the following except
A. Cause or manner of death
B. Age of the deceased
C. Pathological considerations
D. The pH of the concentrated fluid
D. The pH of the concentrated fluid
Continuous drainage is
A. That drainage taken without interruption
B. Any drainage taken while the injection is continuous
C. Drainage taken during the cavity work
D. Any drainage taken while the injection is interrupted.
A. That drainage taken without interruption
Cosmetic fluids are so called because they contain
A. Much formaldehyde
B. Little phenol
C. Non-staining dyes
D. Staining dyes
D. Staining dyes
Decomposition is
A. A false sign of death
B. Separation of the compounds into simpler substances
C. Present only after a body has been autopsied
D. Hastened by refrigeration
B. Separation of the compounds into simpler substances
During life the normal pH of the blood and tissue fluid is approximately
A. 5.4
B. 9.0
C. 7.4
D. 2.0
C. 7.4
Dyes that are incorporated in embalming fluids are used to
A. Identify the type of fluid
B. Restore tissue to a natural color
C. Preserve the tissue
D. Mitigate the odor of formaldehyde
B. Restore tissue to a natural color
Eosin is used in embalming fluids as
A. Anticoagulant
B. Bleaching agent
C. Perfuming agent
D. Dye
D. Dye
The permissible exposure level (PEL) of formaldehyde is which of the following for a 15 minute short term exposure limit (STEL)
A. 3 ppm
B. 2 ppm
C. .5 ppm
D. .75 ppm
B. 2 ppm
The rise in body temperature after death is
A. Algor mortis
B. Postmortem caloricity
C. Agonal algor
B. Agonal fever
B. Postmortem caloricity
