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Embalming 1 > Embalming 1: Exam 3 Material > Flashcards

Embalming 1: Exam 3 Material Flashcards

0
Q

Those changes occurring prior to somatic death is ____.

A

Ante (agonal) Mortem

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1
Q

Pre embalming changes that happen prior to somatic death, but can still effect embalming are know as ____ changes.

A

Ante (agonal) Mortem

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2
Q

Changes in temperature of the body is known as ____. Agonal Algor which is the decrease of body temperature prior to somatic death, due to a slow metabolism and poor circulation. Slows the onset of rigor mortis and decomposition occurs.

A

Thermal changes

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3
Q

Decrease in the body temperature prior to somatic death is known as ____.

A

Agonal Algor

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4
Q

An increase in the body’s temperature just prior to somatic death is known as ____. Commonly found on infectious diseases, and speeds the rate of rigor mortis and decomposition.

A

Agonal fever

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5
Q

The settling of blood and/or other fluids to the dependent portions of the body is ____.

A

Hypostasis

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6
Q

Clotting or congealing of the blood is known as ____.

A

Coagulation

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7
Q

Results from capillary expansion and speeds up the decomposition process ____ is the escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death. There is an increase in moisture on the tissues and cavities when this happens.

A

Agonal edema

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8
Q

For an edema case how will the effect of the edema effect the strength of your diluted arterial fluid? You must ____ your strength of chemicals.

A

Increase

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9
Q

The loss of moisture from the human body prior to somatic death is ____. Could result in the thickening of the blood and dehydration of certain tissues.

A

Agonal dehydration

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10
Q

Movement of MO’s from one area of the body to another is the ____ of MO’s. Occurs as organisms normally confined to an are of the body by natural body defenses are able to move as the body loses its ability to keep them in check.

A

Translocation

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11
Q

____ results from a puncture of lung or pleural sac. Seen in cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatments; puncture wounds to the thorax; rib fractures. Mostly found in the torso region. No odor, no skin slip; rises to highest body areas; can create intense swelling.

A

Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema

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12
Q

Changes that happen in the body after death is known as ____.

A

Post Mortem changes

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13
Q

A series of physical and chemical changes that occur between the period of somatic death and embalming is known as ____.

A

Post Mortem changes

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14
Q

Post Mortem physical changes include:

A

Algor Mortis: the post Mortem cooling of the body of the surrounding temperature.
The internal organs will cool slower than the surface tissues

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15
Q

Factors influencing the rate of algor Mortis

A

Intrinsic factors:
Corpulence
Age
Cause of death

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16
Q

Factors inflicting death inside the body are known as ____.

A

Intrinsic factors

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17
Q

The amount of adipose tissue in larger individuals cools more slowly; individuals cool faster with less adipose tissue is the definition of ____, which is an intrinsic factor.

A

Corpulence (intrinsic factors)

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19
Q

A child will cool faster than a normal size adult is a factor of ____, an intrinsic factor.

A

Age

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20
Q

Febrile diseases will slow the onset; wasting diseases can speed the onset is a intrinsic factor of ____.

A

Cause of death

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21
Q

Factors located outside of the body

A

Extrinsic Factors

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22
Q

Temperature and humidity are examples of ____ factors.

A

Extrinsic

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23
Q

Embalming influence - the _____ of the body will slow the rate of decomposition which is an extrinsic factor.

A

Cooling

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24
Q

The settling of the blood and/or other fluids to the dependent portions of the body is known as post mortem_____ which is an example of extrinsic factors.

A

Hypostasis

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25
Q

Because of an ____ of moisture bacterial activity could be ____.

A

Increase

High

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26
Q

Increases of moisture will ____ the preservation demand for body regions in which ____ has occurred .

A

Increase

Hypostasis

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27
Q

Hypostasis will cause ____.

A

Livor Mortis “Cadaveric lividity”

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28
Q

Cadaveric Lividity is also known as ____.

A

Livor Mortis

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29
Q

The post mortem intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from the hypostasis of blood is the definition of ____.

A

Livor Mortis “Cadaveric lividity”

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30
Q

Can livor mortis be removed with normal arterial injection and venous drainage?

A

Yes, because it is intravascular

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31
Q

Also known as dessication, ____ is the loss of moisture from the dead human body.

A

Dehydration

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32
Q

The main causes of dehydration are ____, ____, and ____.

A

Surface evaporation
Embalming solution
Hypostasis

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33
Q

Increase in viscosity of blood results in the formation of _____.

A

Blood clots

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34
Q

Clots which form after death due to location and increased viscosity of blood is the definition of ____.

A

Post Mortem clots

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35
Q

Dark red and stringy; fast forming and most common type of post Mortem blood clot is known as _____ clots.

A

Current Jelly

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36
Q

Slow forming post mortem clot that is small in yellow in color are known as ____ clots.

A

Chicken fat

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37
Q

Amount of clothing covering the dead body is an ____.

A

Extrinsic factor

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38
Q

Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in post mortem edema is the definition of ____. (This is the reason floaters have a distended look to them.)

A

Imbibition

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39
Q

Changes in the body that occur after death that also result in a change in chemical composition is known as ____.

A

Post mortem chemical changes

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40
Q

Part of the post mortem chemical changes which results from hemolysis, ____is an extravascular color change that occurs when Heme, released by hemoglobin of red blood cells, seeps through the vessels walls and into the tissue. This the most permanent blood discoloration that we as Embalmers face. Can be treated with bleaching chemicals, but it will not go away completely.

A

Post mortem stain

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41
Q

The destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin is ____ which results in post mortem stain and begins approximately 6-10 hours after death.

A

hemolysis

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42
Q

Since post mortem stain is extravascular it generally will not be removed with normal arterial injection and venous drainage.

TRUE or FALSE?

A

True

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43
Q

The slight rise in body temperature following somatic death is ____ and results from cellular metabolism after somatic death; this occurs until the entire oxygen supply is used.

A

Post mortem caloricity

44
Q

A post mortem chemical change ____ is the post mortem, temporary, stiffening of the body muscles due to a natural chemical body process, marks the end of muscle cell life, and generally appears in the average body 2 to 4 hours after death.

A

Rigor mortis

45
Q

One of the two terms of rigor mortis and the initial softness of the muscle; ____ is the relaxation or softness of the muscles immediately after somatic death.

A

Primary flaccidity

46
Q

One of the two terms of rigor mortis ____ is the relaxation of the muscles after rigor mortis passes in an unembalmed body.

A

secondary flaccidity

47
Q

Order of appearance and disappearance of rigor mortis. It appears in orders 1-6 and disappears in orders 1-6

A
  1. Muscles of the eye
  2. Muscles of the face
  3. Muscles of the neck
  4. Muscles of the upper extremities
  5. Muscles of the trunk
  6. Muscles of the lower extremities
48
Q

Physical methods of reducing rigor mortis in the muscles

A

Flexing
Extending
Rotating
Massaging

49
Q

May be difficult in establishing a position of the body; may be difficult in posing the features; gives a false sign of preserved tissue; may restrict fluid distribution are ____ on embalming.

A

Influences

50
Q

The maximum rigidity on the pH scale is ____.

A

5

51
Q

Primary flaccidity —> maximum rigidity —> secondary flaccidity is the order of ____.

A

Rigor mortis

52
Q

The muscles in which rigor mortis is present will not decompose?

TRUE or FALSE…

A

True, because the acid present inhibits bacterial activity

53
Q

Results in rigor mortis, after death _____ acid accumulates in muscle tissue

A

lactic

54
Q

As proteins breaks down there is a gradual buildup in the tissues of nitrogen products such as ammonia, the ammonia neutralizes the acids in the tissue therefore the tissue becomes ____.

A

alkaline

55
Q

Agonal algar is the ____ of body temperature just ____ to death, due to a ____ metabolism and ____ circulation. It ____ the onset of rigor mortis and decomposition occurs.

A

Decrease
Prior
Poor
Slows

56
Q

In agonal edema, there is an ____ in moisture in the tissues and cavities.

A

Increase

57
Q

Agonal dehydration could result in the ____ of the blood and dehydration of certain tissues.

A

thickening

58
Q

Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema ____ to the ____ body areas creating ____.

A

Rises

Highest

Swelling

59
Q

Post mortem stain will ____ go away completely even with the use of ____ chemicals.

A

Not

Bleaching

60
Q

Hemolysis results is ____ and begins ____ hours after death.

A

Post mortem stain

6-10

61
Q

Post mortem caloricity results from ____.

A

cellular metabolism

62
Q

Rigor Mortis appears in the body ____ hours after death

A

2-4

63
Q

Agonal algar is the ____ of body temperature just ____ to death, due to a ____ metabolism and ____ circulation. It ____ the onset of rigor mortis and decomposition occurs.

A

Decrease
Prior
Poor
Slows

64
Q

In agonal edema, there is an ____ in moisture in the tissues and cavities.

A

Increase

65
Q

Agonal dehydration could result in the ____ of the blood and dehydration of certain tissues.

A

thickening

66
Q

Antemortem subcutaneous emphysema ____ to the ____ body areas creating ____.

A

Rises

Highest

Swelling

67
Q

Post mortem stain will ____ go away completely even with the use of ____ chemicals.

A

Not

Bleaching

68
Q

Hemolysis results is ____ and begins ____ hours after death.

A

Post mortem stain

6-10

69
Q

Post mortem caloricity results from ____.

A

cellular metabolism

70
Q

Rigor Mortis appears in the body ____ hours after death

A

2-4

71
Q

The separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes is the definition of ____

A

decomposition

72
Q

6 types of decomposition are:

A 
Proteolysis
Lypolysis
Fermentation
Saccharolysis
Hydrolysis
Autolysis
73
Q

____ is decomposition of any type of protein, and can occur in the presence OR absence of oxygen. It contains 2 different types of decomposition which are putrefaction and decay.

A

Proteolysis

74
Q

____ is one type of proteolysis decomposition and is the decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic (absence of free oxygen) bacteria; was named of the horrific smelling odors. This form of proteolysis advances much quicker than the form of proteolysis that occurs in the presences of oxygen.

A

Putrefaction

75
Q

____ is the second type of proteolysis decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic ( the presence of free oxygen) bacteria.

A

Decay

76
Q

____ is the decomposition of fats ( one substances formed as a result of lipolysis is adipocere (grave wax).

A

Lypolysis

77
Q

____ begins within days of death and becomes visible in about 3 months.

A

Adipocere

78
Q

____ is the bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates.

A

Fermentation

79
Q

The decomposition of ANY sugar is known as ____.

A

Saccharolysis

80
Q

A reaction in which water is one of the reactants compounds are often broken down; the key method of which decomposition occurs is ____.

A

Hydrolysis

81
Q

The splitting or tearing apart of compounds by the addition of water, this is how proteins, sugars, and fats break down is the definition of ____.

A

Hydrolysis

82
Q

____ is the self destruction of cells by enzymes of their own formation; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance.

A

Autolysis

83
Q

A role of lysosomes ( cell organelles that contains digestive enzymes), when the pH of the tissue becomes acidic it causes the lysosomes to rupture, and in the presence of water, the released enzymes begin to digest are the characteristics of ____.

A

Autolysis

84
Q

5 signs of decomposition are:

A 
Color change 
Odor
Purge
Accumulation of Gas
Desquamation (Skin Slip)
85
Q

____ is the first external sign of decomposition is over the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.

A

Color change

86
Q

____ is penetration and nauseating

A

Odor

87
Q

____ is the post mortem evacuation of any substance from an external body orifaces as a result of pressure.

A

Purge

88
Q

____ happens in the viscera, cavities, and other body tissues.

A

Accumulation of Gas

89
Q

____ is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis, resulting in a sloughing of the epidermis.

A

Desquamation or “Skin Slip”

90
Q

4 products of decomposition are:

A

Proteins
Fats
Carbohydrates
Ptomaines

91
Q

____ are the amino acids.

A

Proteins

92
Q

The building blocks of proteins are ____

A

Amino acids

93
Q

Fatty acids are also known as ____.

A

Fats

94
Q

Fatty acids are to fat what ____ are to proteins

A

amino acids

95
Q

____ are simple sugars.

A

Carbohydrates

96
Q

From simplest to most complex ____, ____, and ____ are different forms of sugars.

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

97
Q

____ results from the breaking down of amino acids.

A

Ptomaines

98
Q

Putrescine, cadaverine, indole, and skatole are different types of ____.

A

Ptomaines

99
Q

Carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, methane, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid are ____ products of decomposition.

A

end

100
Q

The order of decomposition of body compounds are ____, ____, ____, and ____.

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Bones

101
Q

First the lining membrane of the trachea and larynx, except for the brain of the infant and pregnant uterus; then last is the non pregnant uterus or large blood vessels is the ____ of decomposition of the organs.

A

order

102
Q

Extrinsic factor optimum temperature is ____.

A

98-100

103
Q

Extrinsic factor minimum temperature is

A

32 - below

104
Q

Extrinsic factor maximum factor is

A

120 and above

105
Q

The post mortem cooling of the body of the surrounding temperature is known as ____. The internal organs will cool slower than the surface tissues

A

Algor Mortis

106
Q

Commonly found in infectious diseases, ____ speeds the rate of rigor mortis and decomposition.

A

Algonal Fever

107
Q

Intrinsic, age, corpulence, and cause of death are all factors influencing the rate of ____.

A

algor mortis

Embalming 1 (4 decks)

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