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History > Elizabethan Times Glossary > Flashcards

Elizabethan Times Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Abdicate

A

When a monarch gives up their throne

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2
Q

Accession

A

The time when an individual becomes a monarch

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3
Q

Allegory

A

Writing or art containing metaphorical symbols that have hidden moral or political meanings

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4
Q

Alms

A

Charity given to the poor. Almshouses are houses provided for poor people to live in.

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5
Q

Ambassador

A

The official representative of a foreign ruler at the Court.

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6
Q

Arable land

A

Land used for growing crops

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7
Q

Armada

A

A fleet of warships

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8
Q

Astrolabe

A

An instrument used by navigators to calculate latitude

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9
Q

Beacon

A

A fire set up in a high position as a warning. A chain had been built across England prior to the Armada

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10
Q

Broadside

A

A firing of all the guns from one side of a warship

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11
Q

Bull

A

A decree issued by the Pope

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12
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A system of government involving lots of departments and paper work

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13
Q

Burgess

A

An inhabitant of a town or borough who represented that place as an MP

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14
Q

Calvinist

A

Protestant followers of John Calvin of Geneva

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15
Q

Censorship

A

To block something from being read heard or seen usually by the government

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16
Q

Census

A

A population count

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17
Q

Chaplain

A

A clergyman attached to the private chapel of a prominent person

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18
Q

Circumnavigation

A

To travel all the way around the circumference (of the world)

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19
Q

Clergy

A

Churchmen, including priests, bishops and archbishops

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20
Q

Colony

A

An area ruled over by another country

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21
Q

Conspiracy

A

A secret plan to do something unlawful or harmful

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22
Q

Court

A

The residence of the monarch and their household

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23
Q

Courtiers

A

Members of the royal court who attended and advised the Queen

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24
Q

Cult

A

A system of devotional worship directed towards a particular figure

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25
Q

Culverins

A

A type of cannon used on English ships that was light, easy to reload and had a long range

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26
Q

Dearth

A

When food is so scarce and expensive that it threatens famine

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27
Q

Death warrant

A

An official order for the execution of a condemned person. It had to be signed by the monarch then authenticated with the Royal Seal and then delivered to the place of execution

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28
Q

Debasement

A

To reduce the amount of precious metal in a coin

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29
Q

Dynasty

A

A ruling family

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30
Q

Empire

A

An extensive group of colonies ruled over by a single more powerful county.

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31
Q

Enclosure

A

The division of land, including the village common land, into separate fields with hedges, allowing a change from arable to sheep farming

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32
Q

Episcopal

A

A church hierarchy structured around bishops

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33
Q

Excommunicated

A

To be expelled from the Church

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34
Q

Flax

A

A plant used to make linen

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35
Q

Galleon

A

A large ship especially used by Spain either as a warship or for trading

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36
Q

Galley

A

A type of ship with sails and oars

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37
Q

Gauntlet

A

An armoured glove worn by a soldier

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38
Q

Gentry

A

Well born families who owned land but did not have titles and so were below the rank of nobility

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39
Q

Great chain of being

A

An idea that everything in the universe has its place in a rigid hierarchy

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40
Q

Heir

A

The person who is next in line to inherit the throne

41
Q

Hemp

A

A plant that could be used to make rope

42
Q

Heretic

A

A person who did not follow the official religion of the country

43
Q

House arrest

A

The state of being kept as a prisoner in a house rather than in a prison

44
Q

Huguenot

A

A French Protestant. They suffered severe persecution and many emigrated

45
Q

Humanism

A

Intellectual branch of the renaissance drawing on classical texts and stressing the dignity of mankind

46
Q

Illegitimate

A

The opposite of legitimate meaning a child born out of wedlock

47
Q

Inflation

A

Rising prices

48
Q

Jesuit

A

Roman Catholic missionary priests

49
Q

Justice of the peace

A

A JP is a magistrate who heard minor cases in local areas

50
Q

Legislation

A

Acts of Parliament (laws) had to be approved by the monarch and both Houses of Parliament

51
Q

Loggia

A

A gallery with one side opening on to a garden

52
Q

Martyr

A

Somebody who suffers and dies for their beliefs

53
Q

Mass

A

One of the seven sacraments re-enacting the last supper. A key catholic ritual

54
Q

Monasteries

A

The religious houses occupied by monks dissolved by Henry VIII between 1536 and 1540

55
Q

Monopolies

A

Royal licences giving individuals sole right to sell or make a product leading to their profit and often leading to high prices

56
Q

Mullioned windows

A

Large windows made up of lots of panes of glass divided by vertical supports

57
Q

Nationalism

A

Patriotic feelings marked by a desire for superiority over other countries

58
Q

New world

A

A sixteenth-century term for North and South America newly discovered at this time by Europeans

59
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

A Muslim empire centred on Turkey that was rapidly expanding at this time extending across North Africa, Arabia and Eastern Europe

60
Q

Patent

A

A licence that gives a person sole right to do, make, use or sell something

61
Q

Patronage

A

Using wealth, power and influence to promote individuals who then owe their patrons loyalty

62
Q

Peers

A

Members of the nobility sitting in the House of Lords

63
Q

Personal monarchy

A

Where politics and government revolve around the monarch and their court

64
Q

Plague

A

The bubonic plague was a very infectious disease spread by rats and fleas. It caused swellings called buboes, fever and usually death. When it first struck Europe, it had killed about half the population and it was a recurrent problem in Tudor England.

65
Q

Plantation

A

A type of colonisation involving the establishment of a government-sponsored settlement of emigrants.

66
Q

Poor rate

A

A local tax used to fund workhouses and poor relief

67
Q

Printing press

A

Invented in the fifteenth century in Germany, it allowed the mass production of books and images.

68
Q

Privateers

A

Pirates licensed by the government to attack and loot enemy ships.

69
Q

Privy councillors

A

Members of the privy council the committee of ministers appointed to advise the monarch

70
Q

Progresses

A

Royal tour visits to the homes of the nobility

71
Q

Propaganda

A

Something that spreads a message in order to encourage people to think or behave in a particular way.

72
Q

Prophesying

A

Prayer meetings where the bible was discussed and sermons said.

73
Q

Puritan

A

An extreme Protestant favouring very plain churches and simple church services without music

74
Q

Pursuivants

A

Government priest-hunters who would search houses suspected of hiding catholics.

75
Q

Queen regnant

A

A queen ruling in her own right rather than because she is married to a king

76
Q

Rack-renting

A

Charging an extortionately high rent

77
Q

Recoinage

A

To stabilise the currency, old debased coins were melted down and new coins issued

78
Q

Recusant

A

Someone usually a Roman Catholic who refuses to go to church services

79
Q

Reformation

A

A movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church which ended up splitting the Church with the establishment of separate Protestant churches

80
Q

Regent

A

A person who governs on behalf of another who is incapable of ruling due to age, ability, illness or location.

81
Q

Regicide

A

The deliberate killing of a monarch

82
Q

Renaissance

A

An intellectual and cultural movement originating in Italy in the Middle Ages heavily influenced by the Ancient Greeks and Romans

83
Q

Sacrament

A

A sacred ritual recognised as of particular importance

84
Q

Sceptre

A

And ornamental wand held in the hand of a ruling monarch at the coronation as a sign of their power and godliness

85
Q

Seminary

A

A school providing training for priests

86
Q

Smallpox

A

An often-fatal viral disease the symptoms of which included fever and blisters

87
Q

Suitor

A

A man who pursues a relationship with a particular woman with a view to marriage

88
Q

Tavern

A

A public house serving alcohol and food as well as providing accommodation for travellers

89
Q

Traitor

A

Somebody guilty of treason

90
Q

Transubstantiation

A

The belief that the bread and the wine used in the mass turn into the actual body and blood of Jesus Christ

91
Q

Treason

A

A crime involving disloyalty to your country, Monarch or government.

92
Q

Uniformity

A

All being the same.

93
Q

Vagabond

A

A homeless vagrant, wandering from place to place who would beg and steal.

94
Q

Vagrant

A

A homeless unemployed person who wanders from place to place and begs

95
Q

Vestal virgin

A

In ancient Rome there were six women who took a vow of chastity and whose lives were dedicated to the goddess Vesta

96
Q

Vestments

A

The garments worn by the clergy

97
Q

Wattle and daub

A

Walls built from interwoven wooden strips covered in mud or clay.

98
Q

Workhouse

A

An umbrella term for the institutions set up by the poor law. Separate institutions were envisaged by the laws but the distinctions between them became blurred over time. In theory poorhouses were to provide shelter for the ‘impotent poor’ workhouses to provide work for the ‘able-bodies poor’ and ‘houses of correction’ were to detain the ‘idle poor’.

99
Q

Yeoman

A

A farmer who owned his own small estate

History (6 decks)

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