Elizabethan Society in the age of exploration

Question 1

What does education like for poor boys and girls

Answer 1

No formal education. They learned from their families working on the land, or in the home. They needed to bring in a wage for the family.

Question 2

What was education like for well off boys

Answer 2

Petty schools age 4-8: (reading, writing and arithmetic)

Grammar school age 8-14: (Latin, Greek, French, ancient and classical history, philosophy, archery, wrestling, chess and running

Question 3

What was education like for upper class boys

Answer 3

Private tutors until early teens (Latin, Greek, French, ancient and classical history)

University (Oxford or Cambridge) from 14 or 15
Inns of Court in London trained lawyers

Question 4

What was the education like for well of girls

Answer 4

Dame schools or educated at home by mothers
Reading and writing, arithmetic
Music, dancing, needlework, horse riding and archery

Question 5

What was education like for upper-class girls

Answer 5

Private tutor until early teens

Then sent to another noble household to complete their education

Make useful social contacts and perfect skills expected of them as a noble woman

Question 6

What sport did the nobility do

Answer 6

hunting, hawking, fishing, fencing, real tennis

Question 7

What sports did working people do

Answer 7

football was a lower class game – could be very violent and had no rules

Question 8

What are spectator sport in this time

Answer 8

such as bear-baiting and cock-fighting were popular – gambling was also very common

Question 9

What was theatre like in this era

Answer 9

was also very popular with all classes in Elizabethan England – many new plays and purpose built theatres. Protestantism led to the development of new plays as many thought that the centuries-old plays were too Catholic

Question 10

What are the reasons for poverty increasing

Answer 10

Rural
depopulation

Enclosure

International problems

Law and order

Question 11

How did Rurel depopulation increased poverty

Answer 11

People moving away from the countryside to look for a better life lead to more poor in the cities

Question 12

How did enclosure increase poverty

Answer 12

Farming techniques were improved and many of these techniques worked better if enclosed land was used. Enclosure involved merging smaller farms, evicting tenant farmers and higher unemployment

Question 13

How did international problems cause poverty to increase

Answer 13

Poor relations between England and Spain led to trade embargos with the Netherlands which caused more unemployment

Question 14

How did law and order increase poverty

Answer 14

Many people who had left the countryside were forced to live in shacks outside the city walls and were forced into begging or criminality

Question 15

Who are the important Poor

Answer 15

deserving poor – unable to work through no fault of their own – they received more sympathy

Question 16

Who are the able Poor

Answer 16

idle poor – able to work but not willing to do so – these people were treated more harshly

Question 17

What are the three policies aimed to improve property

Answer 17

1563 Statute of Artificers

1572 Vagabonds Act

1576 Poor Relief Act

Question 18

What was the 1563 Statute of Artificers policy

Answer 18

to collect poor relief money, more harsh treatment of beggars (Poor relief was financial help for the very poor paid for by a local tax called the poor rate

Question 19

What was the third 1572 vagabond act policy

Answer 19

to deter vagrancy. Beggars sent to Houses of Correction

Question 20

What was the 1576 Poor relief act

Answer 20

to help able bodied people find work. Elderly and sick given alms houses to live in

Question 21

How successful was the policies aimed to improve poverty

Answer 21

Some success but poverty remained a problem throughout Elizabeth’s reign.

Most important change was that these laws recognised that unemployment was a problem that needed to be solved and that people were not unemployed out of laziness

Question 22

What lead Elizabethans to explore

Answer 22

Politics

economies

new technology

better ships

Question 23

Why did politics lead to exploration

Answer 23

Rivalry with Spain for naval dominance

Drake as a privateer targeting Spanish Ships

Massive rewards e.g. Americas full of riches; exotic crops, silver.

Financial rewards result in increased power and control

Question 24

How did new technology lead to exploration

Answer 24

Quadrant/Astrolabe – new navigation

Maps/printing – Mercator map more accurate and printing meant they were used by more people

Ship design – Galleons were quicker, more manoeuvrable, more cargo space, more fire power

Question 25

How did better ships lead to exploration

Answer 25

Ship design improved making longer journeys possible

Galleons were larger, more stable and faster and also had more firepower to protect them

Question 26

How did economic’s lead to exploration

Answer 26

Wars with Spain and Netherlands had disrupted wool and cloth trade – needed new markets

Massive rewards e.g. Americas full of riches; exotic crops, silver

Trans-Atlantic slave trade

Question 27

Why did Drake circumnavigate the world

Answer 27

Economic opportunities in the New World, to challenge Spanish domination, revenge for Spanish defeat in 1567-8

Question 28

What are the positives of Drake circumnavigation of the world

Answer 28

Raided Spanish ships, gathered lots of useful information about Americas, Local Native Americans treated the English with great hospitality

Question 29

What are the negatives of Drake circumnavigation of the world

Answer 29

Lost 4 out of 5 ships, mutiny during the voyage

Question 30

What is the significance of drakes circumnavigation of the world

Answer 30

Massive return for investors. Drake very wealthy and famous. Announcement of Nova Albion encouraged English colonies to be established in America. Destroyed Anglo-Spanish relations

Question 31

Why was establishing a colony in Virginia such an important thing to do

Answer 31

North Americans could choose English traders over Spanish traders

England would no longer need to rely on Europe for trade if it could control the trade from the New World

A base to attack Spanish colonies from

It acts as an example for future colonies

A base for privateering (piracy)

Question 32

What preparation did Raleigh do you to colonise Virginia

Answer 32

Given a grant to explore North America in 1584
Fact finding mission in 1584

Used positive reports to persuade people to move to the colony – convinced them that they would be rich

Two Native Americans, Manteo and Wanchese were brought back (helped with the language and made links with their people)

Invested his own money as well as promises to investors of a share in his privateering profits

Question 33

What things did Raleigh have to consider before going on the voyage

Answer 33

Who should go? 300 with a variety of skills (e.g. hunters, carpenters)

Supplies? Enough food and water for the journey

Timing? It was vital to get there in enough time to sow crops

Ships? Needed to be big enough and well armed in case of attack (e.g. from Spain)

Question 34

Why did colonising Virginia fail

Answer 34

They left too late to plant crops

They had the wrong mix of people

Vital supplies were damaged on the journey

Difficulty hunting - Gunpowder had been spoiled on the journey

Problems with the Native Americans e.g. Chief Wingina

Question 35

What happened Roanoke 1587-90

Answer 35

Second attempt at colony began in 1587

Manteo was made Lord Roanoke and John White in overall charge

They experienced many problems, including significant hostility from Native tribes

John White returned to England to update Raleigh and when he returned in 1590 he found the
colony deserted

The only clue as to what happened to the settlers was the word Croatoan carved into a post